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子句與複合句中級

間接引述

Reported speech

轉述他人話語的方法：時態後退、代名詞與時間／地點詞的轉換、間接問句、命令與請求，以及 say/tell、ask/advise/remind、suggest、deny、promise 等轉述動詞的句型。

編寫：OpenTOEIC更新日期:

練習 60 題

時態後退

當轉述動詞是過去式（said、told、asked）時，被轉述的話語中的動詞通常往前退一個時態。若轉述動詞是現在式（says、has said），時態保持不變。

  • 當所說的內容在現在仍然成立時，可以不後退時態：She said the office opens at 8.
直接引述間接引述
現在簡單式："I work here."過去簡單式：he said he worked there
現在進行式："I am waiting."過去進行式：was waiting
現在完成式："We have sent it."過去完成式：had sent
過去簡單式："I called him."過去完成式：had called（或保留 called）
will / can / maywould / could / might
must（義務）had to（或保留 must）
would, could, should, might, ought to保持不變
例句
  • The supplier said that the parts would arrive on Monday.供應商說零件會在週一送達。
  • Ms. Ruiz told us that she had already booked the venue.Ruiz 女士告訴我們她已經訂好場地了。

代名詞、時間與地點的轉換

  • 代名詞依說話者和聽者改變："I will call you" → He said he would call me.
  • 只有在情境改變時才轉換；若在同一天、同一地點立即轉述，則保持不變。
直接間接
nowthen, at that time
today / tonightthat day / that night
yesterdaythe day before, the previous day
tomorrowthe next day, the following day
last weekthe week before, the previous week
next monththe following month
agobefore, earlier
here / this / thesethere / that / those
例句
  • He said he would finish the report the following day.他說他會在隔天完成報告。

間接問句

Yes/No: S + asked (+ O) + if/whether + S + V (時態後移)Wh-: S + asked (+ O) + 疑問詞 + S + V (時態後移)
  • 去掉問號，去掉 do/does/did，使用 S + V 語序。
  • 引導動詞：ask、want to know、wonder、inquire。
例句
  • The client asked whether we offered free delivery.客戶詢問我們是否提供免費送貨。
  • The interviewer asked me why I had left my previous job.面試官問我為什麼離開前一份工作。

Say、tell 與常用錯受詞的動詞

間接引述最常見的錯誤不在時態後退，而在轉述動詞之後表示人的受詞。有些動詞一定要接聽者，有些動詞則不能讓聽者直接接在後面。

  • 有些固定片語一定用 tell：tell the truth, tell a lie, tell a story, tell the difference。say 則搭配 say hello, say goodbye, say a few words, say so。
  • 在 Part 5 中，若空格後面緊接著人（us, the staff, Ms. Kim）再接 that，選 told / informed / assured / notified / reminded；若空格後面緊接 that 或 to + 人，選 said / announced / explained / confirmed。
動詞正確句型不寫
saysay (that) ... / say to sb (that) ...*say sb that*
telltell sb (that) ... / tell sb to V / tell sb about N*tell that*（缺聽者）
explain, mention, announce, reportexplain (to sb) that ... / explain N to sb*explain sb that*
inform, notify, assure, remindinform sb that ... / inform sb of N*inform that*（缺聽者）
askask sb + wh-/if ... / ask sb to V / ask for N*ask to sb*
speak, talkspeak/talk to sb about N*speak sb*
例句
  • The landlord assured the tenants that the heating would be repaired before winter.房東向房客保證暖氣會在冬天前修好。
  • The trainer explained to the new staff that overtime must be approved in advance.講師向新進員工說明加班必須事先獲得核准。

命令、請求與轉述動詞的句型

命令與請求轉換為 tell / ask + O + (not) to V。此外還有許多本身帶有特定意義的轉述動詞，每個動詞都有自己的句型。

  • suggest 不接 sb to V：用 suggest V-ing 或 suggest that S (should) V。
  • 需要說出聽者時，say + to sb：He said to me that...；不說 *said me*。
句型動詞例句
V + that + 子句say, explain, announce, confirm, mentionShe announced that the store would close.
V + O + thattell, inform, assure, notify, remindHe informed us that the price had risen.
V + O + to Vtell, ask, advise, remind, warn, encourage, instruct, invite, urge, order, persuadeShe reminded me to submit the form.
V + to Vpromise, agree, refuse, offer, threaten, decideThey agreed to lower the price.
V + V-ing / thatsuggest, recommend, admit, deny, mentionHe denied making the error.
V + 介系詞 + V-ingapologize for, insist on, accuse sb of, thank sb forHe apologized for missing the call.
例句
  • The manager told the staff not to leave their laptops in the meeting room.經理告訴員工不要把筆記型電腦留在會議室。
  • The consultant advised us to postpone the product launch.顧問建議我們延後產品上市。
  • The contractor promised to finish the work by the end of the month.承包商承諾在月底前完成工作。
  • Mr. Chen suggested holding the training session online.Chen 先生建議以線上方式舉辦訓練課程。

轉述提議、建議與邀請

提議、勸告、邀請等直接引述的話語，通常不會逐字轉述，而是改用一個本身帶有該意思的轉述動詞，再加上該動詞搭配的句型。

  • 轉換後，please、Let's、Why don't 等字要完全拿掉：它們的意思已經包含在轉述動詞裡了。
  • 拒絕用 refuse to V；承認用 admit V-ing / admit that；否認用 deny V-ing / deny that。
直接引述間接引述
"Let's hold the meeting online."He suggested holding the meeting online.
"Why don't you ask the IT team?"She suggested that I ask the IT team.
"You should update your password."The manager advised us to update our passwords.
"Would you like to join us for lunch?"They invited me to join them for lunch.
"I'll send the contract tomorrow."Ms. Ruiz promised to send the contract the next day.
"Shall I book a taxi for you?"The receptionist offered to book a taxi for me.
"I'm sorry I missed the call."He apologized for missing the call.
"Don't forget to sign the form."She reminded me to sign the form.
例句
  • The supplier offered to cover the cost of the second delivery.供應商提議負擔第二次送貨的費用。

多益解題技巧

  1. Part 5 常考轉述動詞之後的句型：remind / advise / ask / instruct / encourage + sb + to V；suggest / recommend / deny / admit + V-ing；promise / agree / refuse / offer / decide + to V。先看主要動詞，再選 to V 或 V-ing。
  2. say 不直接接人作受詞（say that、say to sb），tell 一定要接人作受詞（tell sb that、tell sb to V）。題目 Mr. Ono ___ us that... → told。
  3. 間接問句使用 S + V 語序：asked where the office was，不是 where was the office。

常見錯誤

錯誤: She said me that the meeting was cancelled.

正確: She told me that the meeting was cancelled.

tell + 人；say 不直接接人作受詞。

錯誤: He asked me where did I put the files.

正確: He asked me where I had put the files.

間接問句不用 did，且語序為 S + V。

錯誤: The director suggested us to reduce costs.

正確: The director suggested reducing costs. / The director suggested that we reduce costs.

suggest + V-ing 或 that 子句。

錯誤: He denied to take the documents.

正確: He denied taking the documents.

deny + V-ing。

錯誤: The receptionist reminded me bringing my ID.

正確: The receptionist reminded me to bring my ID.

remind + O + to V。

練習題（附解答）

  1. 1.Mr. Ono ------- us that the training session had been moved to Room 3.

    1. (A) said
    2. (B) told
    3. (C) spoke
    4. (D) talked
    查看解答與解析

    答案: (B) told

    動詞後緊接人物受詞 us → tell sb that：told。say 不能直接接人物受詞（應為 said to us）；spoke/talked 不能這樣接 that 子句。

  2. 2.The receptionist reminded all visitors ------- their badges at the front desk.

    1. (A) to return
    2. (B) returning
    3. (C) return
    4. (D) returned
    查看解答與解析

    答案: (A) to return

    remind + O + to V → to return。returning、return、returned 都不符合句型。

  3. 3.The supplier denied ------- the wrong parts to our factory.

    1. (A) to send
    2. (B) send
    3. (C) sends
    4. (D) sending
    查看解答與解析

    答案: (D) sending

    deny + V-ing → sending。deny 不接 to V 或原形動詞。

  4. 4.The contractor promised ------- the renovation by the end of the month.

    1. (A) to finish
    2. (B) finishing
    3. (C) finish
    4. (D) finished
    查看解答與解析

    答案: (A) to finish

    promise + to V → to finish。promise 不接 V-ing 或不帶 to 的原形動詞。

  5. 5.The interviewer asked Ms. Park why ------- her previous position.

    1. (A) did she leave
    2. (B) she had left
    3. (C) had she left
    4. (D) she leaves
    查看解答與解析

    答案: (B) she had left

    間接問句使用 S + V 語序，並在 asked 之後時態後退 → she had left。did she leave/had she left 保留了疑問句語序；she leaves 沒有時態後退且語意不合。

  6. 6.Our director suggested ------- the quarterly meeting online to save travel costs.

    1. (A) us to hold
    2. (B) to hold
    3. (C) hold
    4. (D) holding
    查看解答與解析

    答案: (D) holding

    suggest + V-ing → holding。suggest 絕不接 sb to V 或 to V。

  7. 7.The supervisor told the new staff ------- their laptops unattended in the meeting room.

    1. (A) to not leaving
    2. (B) don't leave
    3. (C) not to leave
    4. (D) not leaving
    查看解答與解析

    答案: (C) not to leave

    否定祈使句轉述為 tell + O + not to V → not to leave。don't leave 保留了直接引述的形式；to not leaving/not leaving 不符合句型。

  8. 8.Mr. Haddad asked the technician ------- the color printer on the third floor had been repaired yet.

    1. (A) that
    2. (B) what
    3. (C) which
    4. (D) whether
    查看解答與解析

    答案: (D) whether

    asked + O 後的間接 Yes/No 問句用 if/whether：whether。that 不能引導問句；what、which 需要子句中有缺少的成分，但後面的子句已經完整。

  9. 9.At yesterday's orientation, Ms. Ibarra explained that the cafeteria ------- at 7 a.m. every weekday, so new hires can eat before their shifts.

    1. (A) opening
    2. (B) to open
    3. (C) opens
    4. (D) have opened
    查看解答與解析

    答案: (C) opens

    至今仍然成立的事實（every weekday、can eat）可以不退時態：opens。opening 和 to open 不是有變化的動詞；have opened 與單數的 the cafeteria 主詞動詞不一致，也不能與 at 7 a.m. every weekday 搭配。

  10. 10.On March 3, the facilities manager announced that the elevator would be inspected -------, and the inspection did take place on March 4.

    1. (A) tomorrow
    2. (B) the following day
    3. (C) the day before
    4. (D) a day ago
    查看解答與解析

    答案: (B) the following day

    從之後的時間點轉述時，tomorrow 要改成 the following day；檢查在 3 月 4 日進行也證實了這點：the following day。tomorrow 只在以今天為基準時才正確；the day before 和 a day ago 表示過去，與 would be inspected 矛盾。

練習題

60 題 Part 5 題型，一次一題，每題作答後立即附上解析。

開始練習

常見問題

什麼是間接引述？

間接引述（reported speech）是不逐字引用、而是轉述別人話語的方式。不寫 Ms. Lee said, "I am busy."，而是寫 Ms. Lee said (that) she was busy. 轉換時，通常要依轉述的時間點調整動詞時態、代名詞以及時間、地點用語。

間接引述什麼時候要時態後退？

轉述動詞是過去式（said, told, asked）時，被轉述內容中的動詞通常往前退一個時態。以下情況不需要後退：轉述動詞是現在式（says, has announced）、所說的內容仍然成立（She said the office opens at 8），或動詞本來就是 would、could、should、might、had + V3。

"Said" 和 "told" 有什麼不同？

told 後面一定要緊接聽者：He told me that...、He told the staff to...。said 不直接接聽者：He said that... 或 He said to me that...。在 Part 5 中，看空格後面緊接的字：是人就選 told；是 that 或 to + 人就選 said。

間接問句要用問號嗎？

如果外層句子是直述句，就不用：He asked where the office was. 間接問句使用 S + V 語序，去掉 do/does/did，Yes/No 問句用 if/whether 引導。只有當外層句子本身是問句時（Could you tell me where the office is?），句尾才用問號。

命令句怎麼改成間接引述？

用 tell / ask / instruct / order + 人 + to V，否定用 not to V。"Please wait here." → She asked us to wait there. "Don't leave the door open." → He told us not to leave the door open. 不用 that + 命令句，而且 not 要放在 to V 正前方，不是放在聽者前面。

"Suggest" 在間接引述中用什麼句型？

suggest 有兩種句型：suggest + V-ing（He suggested holding the meeting online）和 suggest that + S + 原形動詞（He suggested that we hold the meeting online）。不用 suggest sb to V。recommend 也有這兩種句型；recommend sb to V 在英式英語中偶爾可見，但多益最保險的答案仍是 V-ing 或 that 子句。