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子句與複合句進階

倒裝句

Inversion

在否定副詞（never、rarely、hardly、no sooner、not only、only after、not until…）之後、so/neither/nor、so + adj、地方副詞片語、條件句，以及書信句型 Enclosed is / Attached please find 中，把助動詞移到主詞之前。

編寫：OpenTOEIC更新日期:

練習 60 題

基本原則

當否定或限制性的副詞片語被移到句首以加強語氣時，要把助動詞倒裝到主詞之前，就像問句的語序。若原句沒有助動詞，則加上 do/does/did。這是正式文體。

否定副詞 + 助動詞 (do/does/did, have, will, can, be...) + S + V
例句
  • Never have we received so many complaints in a single week.我們從未在一週內收到這麼多投訴。
  • Rarely does the director approve overtime without a written request.總監很少在沒有書面申請的情況下核准加班。

如何把一般句改成倒裝句

考題通常只給出倒裝句的一半，所以要能想像出原句。照四個步驟做：把副詞片語移到句首、找出助動詞、把它放到主詞前面，再把主要動詞改回正確形式。

  • 句子的時態不變。助動詞 do/does/did 已經表示時態，所以主要動詞改回原形：did the parts arrive，不寫 did the parts arrived。
  • 主要動詞是 be 時，直接把 be 倒裝到前面，不加 do：Never was the office so busy.
  • 否定副詞片語本身已帶有否定意思，所以要拿掉原句的 not：not ... at any time → At no time。
一般句助動詞倒裝句
The director rarely approves overtime.沒有 → 加 doesRarely does the director approve overtime.
We have never received so many orders.haveNever have we received so many orders.
The parts arrived only on Friday.沒有 → 加 didOnly on Friday did the parts arrive.
Staff should not share passwords under any circumstances.shouldUnder no circumstances should staff share passwords.
The data was not at risk at any time.was (be)At no time was the data at risk.
例句
  • Seldom have we seen such a strong response to a product launch.我們很少看到產品上市獲得如此熱烈的反應。

否定與限制性副詞片語

  • 使用 Only after / Only when / Not until + 子句時，倒裝發生在主要子句（後半句），而不是跟在 only/not until 後面的子句。
  • Hardly/Scarcely 和 No sooner 通常在倒裝的子句用過去完成式，後面的子句用過去簡單式。
片語意思例句
Never / Rarely / Seldom / Little從未／很少／幾乎不Little did they know about the merger.
Hardly / Scarcely + had S V3 when ...一…就…Hardly had I sat down when the phone rang.
No sooner + had S V3 than ...一…就…No sooner had we launched than orders poured in.
Not only + 倒裝, but (also) ...不僅…而且…Not only does it save time, but it also cuts costs.
Only after / Only when / Only if + 子句或 N只有在…之後／只有當…Only after the audit will we know the result.
Only then / Only in this way只有那時／只有這樣Only then did I understand.
Not until + 時間點／子句直到…才…Not until Friday did the parts arrive.
Under no circumstances / In no way / On no account在任何情況下都不Under no circumstances should you share your password.
At no time從來沒有任何時候At no time was the data at risk.
例句
  • Only after the contract is signed will the payment be released.只有在合約簽署之後，款項才會撥付。
  • Not until the system was restored did the staff resume work.直到系統恢復，員工才重新開始工作。
  • Under no circumstances should employees share client data with third parties.在任何情況下，員工都不得與第三方分享客戶資料。

So / neither / nor 與 so + 形容詞

  • 肯定的附和：So + 助動詞 + S——The sales team met its target, and so did the support team.
  • 否定的附和：Neither / Nor + 助動詞 + S——I did not receive the memo. Neither did Paul.
  • 強調程度：So + adj/adv + be/助動詞 + S + that ...——So popular was the seminar that a second session was added.
  • Such + be + N + that ...：Such was the demand that the item sold out.
例句
  • The hotel was fully booked, and so was the conference center.飯店已經客滿，會議中心也是。
  • So successful was the campaign that the company extended it for another month.這次活動非常成功，公司因此又延長了一個月。

地方副詞片語與條件句的倒裝

  • 句首的地方／方向副詞片語 + 主要動詞（通常是 be、stand、lie、come）+ 名詞主詞：On the top floor is the staff cafeteria. Here comes the bus.
  • 若主詞是代名詞則不倒裝：Here it is.（不是 *Here is it*）。
  • 條件句：Should you need...、Were it not for...、Had we known...（見條件句單元）。
例句
  • Next to the reception desk is a small waiting area.櫃檯旁邊是一個小型等候區。

什麼時候不倒裝

只有當否定或限制性副詞片語位於句首、並修飾整個子句時才會倒裝。許多句子看起來很像，卻不需要倒裝，這正是考題常設陷阱的地方。

  • 使用 Only after / Only when / Not until + 子句時，跟在 only 或 not until 後面的子句維持一般語序；只有主要子句倒裝：Only after the audit is complete will we publish the results.
  • So + 形容詞位於句中時不倒裝：The seminar was so popular that...；只有把 So popular 移到句首時才倒裝。
情況不倒裝說明
副詞位於句中The director rarely approves overtime.只有移到句首時才倒裝
Only + 主詞Only the manager can approve refunds.only 修飾的是主詞，不是副詞片語
否定字屬於主詞Hardly anyone attended the session.hardly anyone 本身就是主詞
Not long ago / Not far fromNot long ago, the firm opened a branch in Lima.不帶否定意思
In no time（= 很快）In no time, the tickets sold out.不同於 At no time（從來沒有任何時候）
地方副詞片語之後接代名詞Here it is. / Off they went.主詞是代名詞時不倒裝
例句
  • Only the finance director can sign contracts over $10,000.只有財務長能簽署超過一萬美元的合約。
  • Not long ago, the company moved its headquarters to Osaka.不久前，公司把總部遷到了大阪。

書信句型：Enclosed is / Attached please find

在電子郵件和商業書信中，分詞 Enclosed / Attached / Included 移到句首，後面接 be 和主詞。be 動詞與後面的名詞一致。

Enclosed / Attached / Included + is + 單數名詞Enclosed / Attached / Included + are + 複數名詞Attached please find + N (固定用法, please find 是祈使句)
例句
  • Enclosed is a copy of the signed agreement.隨函附上已簽署協議的副本一份。
  • Attached are the invoices for March and April.附件為三月和四月的發票。
  • Attached please find the revised schedule for next week.請見附件中下週的修訂時程表。

多益解題技巧

  1. 訊號：句子以否定或限制性副詞開頭（Never、Rarely、Seldom、Only、Not until、Under no circumstances…）→ 後面接助動詞 + S + V。題目常把空格設在助動詞位置（Rarely ___ the CEO attend... → does）或副詞位置（___ had the store opened when... → Hardly；若搭配 than 則為 No sooner）。
  2. 固定搭配：Hardly / Scarcely ... when、No sooner ... than、Not only ... but (also)、Not until ... + 主要子句倒裝。
  3. 多益書信常以 Enclosed is / Enclosed are、Attached is / Attached are、Attached please find 開頭。動詞依後面的名詞變化：Enclosed are the receipts。
  4. 條件句倒裝（Should、Had、Were）也是倒裝——見條件句單元。

常見錯誤

錯誤: Rarely the manager checks the time sheets.

正確: Rarely does the manager check the time sheets.

否定副詞置於句首 → 助動詞倒裝，主要動詞改為原形。

錯誤: No sooner had the meeting started when the power went out.

正確: No sooner had the meeting started than the power went out.

No sooner 搭配 than；Hardly/Scarcely 搭配 when。

錯誤: Only after the payment is received we will ship the order.

正確: Only after the payment is received will we ship the order.

Only after + 子句之後，主要子句要倒裝。

錯誤: Enclosed is the documents you requested.

正確: Enclosed are the documents you requested.

be 依後面的名詞變化（documents 為複數）。

練習題（附解答）

  1. 1.Rarely ------- the director approve overtime without a written request.

    1. (A) is
    2. (B) does
    3. (C) has
    4. (D) do
    查看解答與解析

    答案: (B) does

    Rarely 置於句首 → 助動詞倒裝；主要動詞 approve 是原形，主詞為單數 → does。is/has 不能搭配 approve；do 主詞與動詞不一致。

  2. 2.No sooner had the store opened ------- customers lined up at the registers.

    1. (A) than
    2. (B) when
    3. (C) then
    4. (D) that
    查看解答與解析

    答案: (A) than

    固定搭配 No sooner ... than。when 搭配 Hardly/Scarcely；then 和 that 不能與 No sooner 搭配。

  3. 3.------- had the meeting started when the fire alarm went off.

    1. (A) No sooner
    2. (B) Hardly
    3. (C) Only
    4. (D) Not until
    查看解答與解析

    答案: (B) Hardly

    後面有 when → 固定搭配 Hardly ... when（一……就……）。No sooner 搭配 than；Only 和 Not until 不能依此句型與 had ... when 搭配。

  4. 4.Only after the contract is signed ------- the first payment.

    1. (A) we will release
    2. (B) will we release
    3. (C) we release
    4. (D) do we released
    查看解答與解析

    答案: (B) will we release

    使用 Only after + 子句時，倒裝發生在主要子句 → will we release。we will release/we release 沒有倒裝；do we released 動詞形式錯誤。

  5. 5.Enclosed ------- the receipts for your recent purchases.

    1. (A) is
    2. (B) be
    3. (C) are
    4. (D) being
    查看解答與解析

    答案: (C) are

    書信句型 Enclosed + be + N，be 依後面的名詞 the receipts（複數）變化 → are。is 是單數變化的陷阱；be/being 不能作主要動詞。

  6. 6.Not until the system was restored ------- the staff resume normal operations.

    1. (A) do
    2. (B) had
    3. (C) did
    4. (D) were
    查看解答與解析

    答案: (C) did

    Not until + 子句 → 主要子句倒裝；動詞 resume 是原形，語境為過去 → did。do 時態錯誤；had/were 不能接原形動詞。

  7. 7.The hotel was fully booked, and so ------- the conference center next door.

    1. (A) was
    2. (B) did
    3. (C) is
    4. (D) had
    查看解答與解析

    答案: (A) was

    肯定附和句 so + 助動詞 + S；前面的子句用 was（be 動詞，過去式）→ was。did/had 與 was booked 不對應；is 時態錯誤。

  8. 8.Attached please ------- the revised schedule for next week's workshop.

    1. (A) found
    2. (B) finding
    3. (C) to find
    4. (D) find
    查看解答與解析

    答案: (D) find

    固定書信句型 Attached please find + N；please + 祈使句 → 原形動詞 find。found、finding、to find 不符合句型。

  9. 9.Not only did the hotel upgrade our room, ------- it also provided a complimentary breakfast every morning.

    1. (A) but
    2. (B) and
    3. (C) or
    4. (D) so
    查看解答與解析

    答案: (A) but

    固定搭配 Not only ... but (also)：but。and、or、so 不與 Not only 搭配。

  10. 10.------- before has the airline offered fares as low as the ones it is advertising this spring.

    1. (A) Ever
    2. (B) Already
    3. (C) Yet
    4. (D) Never
    查看解答與解析

    答案: (D) Never

    句中有倒裝 has the airline offered → 句首需要否定副詞：Never。Ever、Already、Yet 不是否定副詞，不會引發倒裝。

練習題

60 題 Part 5 題型，一次一題，每題作答後立即附上解析。

開始練習

常見問題

什麼是倒裝句？

倒裝（inversion）是在直述句中把助動詞或動詞放到主詞之前，就像問句的語序，用來加強語氣或配合正式文體。例如：Never have we received so many complaints. 在多益中，倒裝常出現在句首的否定副詞之後、條件句（Should, Had, Were）以及書信句型 Enclosed is / Attached are 中。

"Hardly...when" 和 "No sooner...than" 有什麼不同？

兩者意思相同，都是「一…就…」，差別只在搭配的字：Hardly / Scarcely 搭配 when（偶爾用 before），No sooner 搭配 than。倒裝的子句通常用過去完成式，後面的子句用過去簡單式：No sooner had the store opened than customers lined up. 搭配錯誤，例如 No sooner ... when，是 Part 5 常見的陷阱。

"Only after" 之後要在哪個子句倒裝？

在主要子句，而不是跟在 Only after 後面的子句：Only after the contract is signed will the payment be released. "the contract is signed" 維持一般語序；"will the payment be released" 才倒裝。這個規則同樣適用於 Only when、Only if、Not until + 子句。

"Not only" 放在句首需要倒裝嗎？

需要。當 Not only 位於句首並引導一個子句時，該子句必須倒裝：Not only does the system save time, but it also cuts costs. but (also) 後面的子句維持一般語序。若 not only 位於句中（The system not only saves time but also cuts costs），則不倒裝。

"Enclosed is" 還是 "Enclosed are"？

要看後面的名詞，因為它才是真正的主詞：Enclosed is a copy of the contract（單數）、Enclosed are the receipts（複數）。Attached is/are、Included is/are 也是如此。唯獨 Attached please find + N 是祈使句，動詞不隨名詞變化。

"So do I" 和 "Neither do I" 怎麼用？

用來簡短地附和別人，助動詞倒裝到主詞之前。前一句是肯定句 → So + 助動詞 + S：The sales team met its target, and so did the support team. 前一句是否定句 → Neither / Nor + 助動詞 + S：I did not get the memo. Neither did Paul. 助動詞必須與前一句同類、同時態：is → so is，has → so has，過去式的一般動詞 → so did。