現在簡單式與現在進行式
Present simple and present continuous
現在簡單式表達習慣、事實、固定的時刻表;現在進行式表達正在發生、暫時性、正在變化的事,或已安排好的計畫。
練習 60 題句型結構
現在簡單式用動詞原形;主詞為 he/she/it 或單數名詞時加 -s/-es。現在進行式用 am/is/are + V-ing。
- 動詞字尾為 -s, -ss, -sh, -ch, -x, -o 時加 -es:
finishes, reaches, fixes, goes。 - 子音 + y → -ies:
apply → applies、carry → carries;母音 + y 則不變:pay → pays。 have → has;does/doesn't之後動詞回到原形:Does it include tax?- V-ing:去掉不發音的 -e(
make → making),單音節「子音–母音–子音」結尾的字重複最後一個子音(plan → planning、ship → shipping)。
| 形式 | 現在簡單式 | 現在進行式 |
|---|---|---|
| 肯定句 | S + V(s/es): She checks the invoices. | S + am/is/are + V-ing: She is checking the invoices. |
| 否定句 | S + do/does + not + V: She doesn't check them. | S + am/is/are + not + V-ing: She isn't checking them. |
| 疑問句 | Do/Does + S + V?: Does she check them? | Am/Is/Are + S + V-ing?: Is she checking them? |
現在簡單式的用法
- 習慣、重複發生的事:日常工作、公司的流程。
- 事實、長期的狀態:公司位於哪裡、生產什麼、誰負責什麼。
- 固定的時刻表、行程(火車、班機、有正式時程的活動)── 即使談的是未來。
- 用於說明、規定以及標題、摘要。
- Our accounting team processes all invoices within five business days.我們的會計團隊會在五個工作天內處理所有發票。
- Ms. Tanaka usually works from the Osaka branch on Fridays.Tanaka 小姐週五通常在大阪分公司工作。
- The shuttle bus leaves the hotel at 7:30 A.M. every morning.接駁車每天早上 7 點 30 分從飯店出發。
現在進行式的用法
- 說話當下正在進行或現階段前後正在進行的動作(這週、這個月正在做的專案)。
- 暫時性、與平常不同的情況:
is working from home this week。 - 正在變化、發展的趨勢:
Sales are increasing、Costs are rising。 - 已安排好的未來計畫(已約好、已訂位),通常搭配未來的時間點。
- 搭配 always/constantly 抱怨一再發生、令人困擾的事:
The printer is always jamming.
- The maintenance crew is currently repairing the elevator on the third floor.維修人員目前正在修理三樓的電梯。
- Mr. Lee is covering the reception desk while Ms. Park is on leave.Park 小姐休假期間,由 Lee 先生代理櫃檯接待。
- Demand for electric delivery vans is growing rapidly.電動送貨廂型車的需求正快速成長。
- We are meeting the suppliers next Tuesday to discuss the new contract.我們下週二要和供應商開會,討論新合約。
辨識線索
這些線索只是提示;最終仍要依語意判斷:是重複發生、固定的事,還是正在進行、暫時的事。
| 現在簡單式 | 現在進行式 |
|---|---|
| always, usually, often, sometimes, rarely, never | now, right now, at the moment, at present |
| every day/week/year, each quarter, once a month | currently, presently (= 目前) |
| on Mondays, in the mornings, regularly, generally | this week, this month, these days, nowadays |
| 時刻表:at 9 A.M., on June 5(依照時程表) | Look!, Listen!, Please be quiet, ... |
插在主詞與動詞之間的副詞
Part 5 常在主詞與動詞之間放一個頻率副詞或時間副詞,讓考生忘記動詞要變化。副詞不會改變動詞的變化方式:動詞仍依主詞變化,主詞為單數時仍要加 -s。
- 空格在副詞之後:
Ms. Diaz often ------- the morning briefing→ 選leads(主詞為單數),刪去lead和leading。 - 空格在主詞與已變化的動詞之間:
The technicians ------- inspect the fire alarms→ 句子已有主要動詞inspect,所以空格要填副詞(routinely, regularly),而不是第二個動詞。 - Never, rarely, seldom, hardly ever 本身已帶否定意思,不可再加
not:She rarely misses a deadline,不寫成She doesn't rarely miss。
| 副詞的位置 | 句型 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 一般動詞之前 | S + 副詞 + V(s/es) | Mr. Kato usually reviews the contracts himself. |
| am/is/are 之後 | S + am/is/are + 副詞 | The front desk is always staffed until 10 P.M. |
| 助動詞與主要動詞之間 | S + do/does/modal + 副詞 + V | Shipments can sometimes take up to ten days. |
| am/is/are 與 V-ing 之間 | S + am/is/are + 副詞 + V-ing | The company is currently expanding its sales team. |
| 句尾(較長的頻率片語) | S + V + ... + every week / twice a month | The board meets twice a month. |
- Ms. Ortiz rarely travels for business during the holiday season.Ortiz 小姐在假期旺季很少出差。
- Our technicians routinely check every machine before the morning shift.我們的技術人員會在早班前例行檢查每一台機器。
狀態動詞(stative verbs)
表示狀態、擁有、認知、情感、感官的動詞通常不用進行式,即使談的是此刻。
- 有些動詞有兩種意思:
I think the price is fair(= 認為,狀態)和I am thinking about the offer(= 正在考慮,動作)。 She has two assistants(擁有)但She is having a meeting(動作:開會、吃午餐……)。We see the problem(= 理解)但I am seeing the dentist at 3(= 有約要見)。
| 類別 | 常見動詞 |
|---|---|
| 思考、認知 | know, believe, understand, realize, remember, recognize, suppose, mean |
| 擁有 | own, belong to, possess, have (= 擁有) |
| 情感、願望 | like, love, prefer, want, need, wish, appreciate |
| 性質、度量 | contain, include, consist of, cost, weigh, require, depend on, deserve, seem, appear (= 似乎) |
| 感官 | see, hear, smell, taste, sound(常與 can 連用) |
- The price includes breakfast and airport transfers.價格已包含早餐與機場接送。
- This position requires at least three years of sales experience.這個職位要求至少三年的業務經驗。
- The board is having a meeting, so please call back later.董事會正在開會,請稍後再來電。
電子郵件、公告與廣告中的兩種現在式句型
多益的閱讀文章會一再重複某些固定句型。認出句型,幾乎馬上就能選出時態,不必分析整個句子。
- now 兩種時態都能搭配,但意思不同:
The hotel now offers free parking(現在簡單式:從現在起就有,是新的長期狀態)與The hotel is now offering free parking(目前正在提供,通常理解為某段期間內)。 - still 也能搭配兩種時態:
The position is still open(狀態動詞)、We are still waiting for the parts(持續中的動作)。關鍵仍在於該動詞表示狀態還是動作。 - 在同一段 Part 6 文章中,一般性的介紹句用現在簡單式,講正在進行中的工作則用現在進行式。不要只因為前一句用了某個時態就選它。
| 情境 | 常用時態 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 徵才、正在找人 | 現在進行式 | Lexon Media is currently seeking an experienced video editor. |
| 某一期間正在受理申請、報名 | 現在進行式 | We are now accepting applications for the summer internship. |
| 限期促銷 | 現在進行式 | This week only, the store is offering 20 percent off all printers. |
| 介紹公司、產品、服務 | 現在簡單式 | Brightway provides cleaning services to over 300 offices. |
| 政策、保固條款 | 現在簡單式 | The warranty covers parts and labor for two years. |
| 營業時間、車班時刻、活動日程 | 現在簡單式 | The museum closes at 6 P.M. on weekdays. |
| 公司內正在進行中的工作 | 現在進行式 | Our IT team is updating the customer database this month. |
- Fernhill Bank is currently looking for part-time tellers at its downtown branch.Fernhill 銀行目前正在為市中心分行招募兼職櫃員。
- The hotel now offers a free shuttle service to the convention center.這家飯店現在提供前往會議中心的免費接駁服務。
附加問句與簡答(Part 2)
在 Part 2,問句常使用兩種現在式,附加問句也一樣。問句中的助動詞透露了時態:do/does 是現在簡單式,am/is/are 是現在進行式。
- 附加問句沿用句中的助動詞,並把肯定改為否定(或反過來):
The shuttle isn't running today, is it? - 現在簡單式的肯定句沒有助動詞,附加問句就用 do/does:
Ms. Park works on Saturdays, doesn't she? - 簡答重複助動詞:
Does the fee include lunch? – Yes, it does./Are you using this room? – No, I'm not. - Part 2 常出現不含 Yes/No 的間接回答:
Is Mr. Grant attending the meeting? – He's still on his flight.正確答案通常是說明情況,而不是重複助動詞。
- The new printer uses less ink, doesn't it?新的印表機比較省墨水,對吧?
- Are you leading the training session this afternoon?今天下午的培訓課程是由你主持嗎?
多益解題技巧
- Part 5 常以第三人稱單數主詞(the company, our manager, each department)來考動詞:記得現在簡單式要加 -s/-es。主詞是
The company時,直接刪去provide這類原形選項。 - 留意頻率副詞與時間片語:usually, always, often, regularly, every week, each month, on Mondays → 現在簡單式;currently, now, at the moment, at present, this week, these days → 現在進行式。
- 狀態動詞(require, include, belong, consist of, contain, need, cost, own)幾乎不會是
is V-ing形式的答案,即使句中有 currently:The package currently contains ...而不是is containing。 - 在 Part 6(電子郵件、公告)中,車班時刻、營業時間、會議日程通常用現在簡單式(
The seminar starts at 9 A.M.),而已安排好的約會則用現在進行式(We are meeting the client on Friday)。
常見錯誤
錯誤: The company provide free parking for employees.
正確: The company provides free parking for employees.
現在簡單式的第三人稱單數主詞必須加 -s。
錯誤: This package is containing fragile items.
正確: This package contains fragile items.
Contain 是狀態動詞,不用進行式。
錯誤: Does the manager approves the budget?
正確: Does the manager approve the budget?
does/doesn't 之後動詞回到原形。
錯誤: Currently, we review all applications.
正確: Currently, we are reviewing all applications.
Currently 指的是現階段正在進行的事,所以用現在進行式(狀態動詞除外)。
錯誤: I am needing the report by noon.
正確: I need the report by noon.
Need 是狀態動詞。
練習題(附解答)
1.Ms. Patel usually ------- the quarterly sales figures before each board meeting.
- (A) review
- (B) reviews
- (C) is reviewing
- (D) reviewing
查看解答與解析
答案: (B) reviews
usually 和 before each board meeting 表示重複的習慣 → 現在簡單式;主詞
Ms. Patel為單數,故用reviews。is reviewing表示說話當下正在進行的事,review少了 -s,reviewing缺少助動詞。2.The maintenance team ------- the elevators in the east wing at the moment, so please use the stairs.
- (A) is inspecting
- (B) inspects
- (C) inspect
- (D) inspected
查看解答與解析
答案: (A) is inspecting
at the moment → 現在進行式
is inspecting。inspects表示習慣,inspected是過去式,inspect與單數主詞不一致。3.Our accounting software currently ------- a monthly subscription fee of $45.
- (A) is requiring
- (B) require
- (C) requiring
- (D) requires
查看解答與解析
答案: (D) requires
require 是狀態動詞,即使有
currently也不用進行式 →requires。require主詞動詞不一致,requiring缺少主要動詞。4.Mr. Kim ------- from home this week while his office is being renovated.
- (A) works
- (B) work
- (C) is working
- (D) has been worked
查看解答與解析
答案: (C) is working
this week 加上暫時性的情況(辦公室正在整修)→ 現在進行式
is working。works指長期習慣,work主詞動詞不一致,has been worked是不合邏輯的被動式。5.------- the hotel offer a free shuttle service to the convention center?
- (A) Do
- (B) Is
- (C) Does
- (D) Are
查看解答與解析
答案: (C) Does
主要動詞
offer是原形,主詞the hotel是單數 → 用Does構成現在簡單式疑問句。Do主詞動詞不一致;Is/Are不接原形動詞。6.We ------- the suppliers next Tuesday to finalize the terms of the new packaging contract.
- (A) are meeting
- (B) is meeting
- (C) meets
- (D) meeting
查看解答與解析
答案: (A) are meeting
已安排好的約會,搭配未來時間點 next Tuesday → 現在進行式;主詞是
We,所以用are meeting。is meeting和meets主詞動詞不一致,meeting缺少助動詞。7.According to the official conference program, the keynote address ------- at 9:00 A.M. each morning in Hall A.
- (A) begin
- (B) begins
- (C) beginning
- (D) are beginning
查看解答與解析
答案: (B) begins
each morning 重複的正式行程 → 現在簡單式;
the keynote address是單數,所以用begins。begin缺少 -s,beginning缺少助動詞,are beginning主詞動詞不一致。8.Mr. Hale is constantly ------- about the temperature in the meeting rooms, so the facilities manager has agreed to adjust the thermostat.
- (A) complains
- (B) complained
- (C) complaining
- (D) complaint
查看解答與解析
答案: (C) complaining
is constantly + V-ing 表示一再發生、令人厭煩的事 →
complaining。complains不能放在 is 之後;complain是不及物動詞,所以is complained錯誤;complaint是名詞。9.At the moment, Ms. Rahman ------- about accepting the transfer to Dubai, and she will give her answer by Friday.
- (A) thinks
- (B) think
- (C) are thinking
- (D) is thinking
查看解答與解析
答案: (D) is thinking
think about 表示正在考慮時是動作,又有 At the moment →
is thinking。thinks無法表達正在進行的事,think和are thinking主詞動詞不一致。10.The cost of shipping to remote islands ------- on both the weight of each package and the season.
- (A) depends
- (B) depend
- (C) are depending
- (D) depending
查看解答與解析
答案: (A) depends
真正的主詞是 The cost(單數),不是
islands;depend on是狀態動詞 →depends。depend誤與 islands 一致,are depending時態和主詞動詞一致都錯,depending缺少主要動詞。
練習題
60 題 Part 5 題型,一次一題,每題作答後立即附上解析。
常見問題
現在簡單式和現在進行式有什麼不同?
現在簡單式(present simple)表達重複、固定或恆常為真的事:習慣、流程、事實、時刻表(The office opens at 8 A.M.)。現在進行式(present continuous)表達說話當下前後正在發生或暫時性的事、正在變化的趨勢,以及已安排好的計畫(We are interviewing candidates this week)。快速判斷法:這件事是常態,還是只是此時此刻正在發生?
現在簡單式和現在進行式的公式是什麼?
現在簡單式:S + V(s/es),否定句 S + do/does not + V,疑問句 Do/Does + S + V?。現在進行式:S + am/is/are + V-ing,否定句在 am/is/are 後面加 not,疑問句把 am/is/are 移到主詞前面。注意 does/doesn't 之後動詞要回到原形:Does it include tax?,不寫成 Does it includes。
動詞什麼時候加 -s,什麼時候加 -es?
在現在簡單式中,主詞為 he, she, it 或單數名詞(the company, our manager)時,動詞要加 -s。動詞字尾是 -s, -ss, -sh, -ch, -x, -o 時加 -es(finishes, fixes, goes);子音 + y 改成 -ies(applies),母音 + y 則只加 -s(pays)。have 則變成 has。
什麼是狀態動詞?它們會用在進行式嗎?
狀態動詞(stative verbs)表示擁有、認知、情感、性質:know, own, need, contain, include, require, cost, belong。它們通常不用進行式,所以 is containing、am needing 都是錯的。有些動詞另有動作的意思,就能用進行式:She is having lunch(正在吃午餐)、I am thinking about the offer(正在考慮)、We are seeing the client at 3(約好要見面)。
兩種現在式可以用來表達未來嗎?
可以。現在簡單式用於時刻表、正式的時間安排:The train departs at 8:15、The conference begins on May 12。現在進行式用於已安排好的個人計畫:We are meeting the suppliers next Tuesday。此外,在 when, as soon as, if, until... 之後談未來時,也用現在簡單式代替 will。
句中出現 "currently" 就一定選現在進行式嗎?
大致如此,除非動詞是狀態動詞。We are currently reviewing all applications 是正確的,但遇到 contain, include, require, own 仍要用現在簡單式:The package currently contains three items。在被動語態中,currently 搭配 is being + V3(The lobby is currently being renovated)。作答前請同時確認動詞的意思以及是主動還是被動。