詞性與片語中級

介系詞

Q: 表示時間的 in、on、at 怎麼分辨？

由大到小：in 用於較長的時間，如月份、年份、季節、一天中的時段（in May, in 2027, in the morning）；on 用於星期和特定日期（on Monday, on March 5, on Friday afternoon）；at 用於時刻和時間點（at 9:30, at noon, at the end of the month）。在 next, last, this, every 之前不用介系詞：next Tuesday，不能說 on next Tuesday。

Q: by 和 until 有什麼不同？

by 的意思是不晚於，用於必須在期限前完成的動作：Please submit the report by Friday（任何時候交都可以，只要在星期五或之前）。until 的意思是一直持續到，用於持續的狀態：The office is open until 6 p.m. 訣竅：submit、return、finish、arrive 等表示完成的動詞搭配 by；stay、wait、remain、be valid 等表示持續的動詞搭配 until。

Q: during 和 while 有什麼不同？

意思都是「在……期間」，但詞性不同。during 是介系詞，後面接名詞：during the meeting, during the holiday season。while 是連接詞，後面接有主詞和動詞的子句：while the manager was away，或省略後的片語 while working。because of/because、despite/although 也是同樣的區別。

Q: despite 和 although 有什麼不同？

兩者的意思都是「儘管」。despite（和 in spite of）是介系詞，後面接名詞或 V-ing：Despite the rain, the event went ahead。although（和 even though、though）是連接詞，後面接子句：Although it rained, the event went ahead。despite 不搭配 of；如果想在 despite 後面接子句，就必須寫成 despite the fact that + 子句。

Q: 介系詞後面的動詞用什麼形式？

介系詞後面的動詞一律用 V-ing：before submitting, by using, without notifying, instead of printing。要特別注意 to 是介系詞、而不是 to + 原形動詞的片語：look forward to, be committed to, be used to, be dedicated to, object to, contribute to, in addition to。所以要寫 We look forward to meeting you，不能寫 to meet you。

Q: 怎樣才能把介系詞記得牢？

不要單獨背介系詞，因為它的意思會隨著搭配的字而改變。請以片語來學：動詞 + 介系詞（comply with）、形容詞 + 介系詞（responsible for）、名詞 + 介系詞（demand for）和固定片語（ahead of schedule, on behalf of）。每個片語都搭配一個職場例句，並複習自己在 Part 5 做錯的片語。

Prepositions

表示時間、地點、移動方向的介系詞，多益常見的介系詞片語，以及介系詞與連接詞的分辨方式。

編寫：OpenTOEIC更新日期: 2026年10月18日

練習 60 題

時間介系詞：at / on / in

on time = 準時；in time = 及時（趕在太遲之前）：The shipment arrived in time for the sale.

介系詞	搭配	例子
at	時刻、時間點、短暫的節日、週末（英式）	at 9:30, at noon, at night, at the end of the month, at the weekend
on	星期、日期、特定日子、特定日子的時段	on Monday, on March 5, on Friday afternoon, on the first day
in	月份、年份、季節、世紀、一天中的時段、較長的時期	in May, in 2027, in summer, in the morning, in the next decade
in + 一段時間	從現在起多久之後	The results will be ready in two days.
不用介系詞	next, last, this, every, tomorrow, yesterday 之前	next Tuesday, this week, every year

其他時間介系詞

介系詞	意思	例句
by	不晚於、在期限前或剛好在期限	Please submit the form by Friday.
until / till	持續到	The office is open until 6 p.m.
within	在……之內（不超過）	Refunds are processed within 14 days.
during	在……期間（+ 名詞）	Phones must be off during the presentation.
for	持續多久（+ 一段時間）	She has worked here for ten years.
since	自從（+ 時間起點）	Prices have risen since January.
throughout	整個期間	Discounts are available throughout the month.
before / prior to	在……之前	Please arrive 15 minutes prior to the interview.
from ... to/until	從……到……	The sale runs from May 1 to May 7.
as of / effective	自……起（生效日期）	As of June 1, all visitors must sign in.

例句

All expense reports must be submitted by the end of the month.所有費用報告必須在月底前提交。
The road will remain closed until further notice.這條道路將持續封閉，直到另行通知。

地點與移動方向的介系詞

at 用於某個地點、含門牌號碼的地址、活動發生的場所：at the airport, at the front desk, at 25 King Street, at the conference。
on 用於表面、樓層、街道（不含門牌號碼，美式）、頁面：on the desk, on the third floor, on Main Street, on page 5, on the website。
in 用於被包圍的空間、城市、國家、部門：in the meeting room, in Seoul, in the accounting department, in the drawer。
其他位置：next to, beside, near, opposite, behind, in front of, between（兩者之間）, among（多者之間）, above/over, below/under, across from。
移動方向：to（到）、into（進入）、out of（離開）、onto、through（穿過）、across（橫越）、along（沿著）、toward(s)（朝向）、past（經過）。
arrive at（地點、建築物）／ arrive in（城市、國家）；go home 不加 to。

例句

The conference will be held at the Grand Hotel in Singapore.會議將在新加坡的 Grand 飯店舉行。
The supply room is on the second floor, opposite the elevators.物料室在二樓，電梯的對面。

多益常見的介系詞片語

類別	片語
原因、結果	due to, because of, owing to, as a result of, on account of, thanks to
補充、取代	in addition to, as well as, instead of, in place of, apart from, except for
依據、符合	according to, in accordance with, in compliance with, in line with
代表、負責	on behalf of, in charge of, under the supervision of
進度、狀態	ahead of schedule, on schedule, behind schedule, out of stock, out of order, under construction, under review, on display, on sale, in stock
費用	at no cost, free of charge, at a discount, at a reasonable price
其他	in advance, in person, on short notice, in response to, regardless of, with regard to, in terms of, by means of

例句

The flight was canceled due to bad weather.班機因天候不佳而取消。
I am writing on behalf of the hiring committee.我謹代表招募委員會寫這封信。
The renovation was completed ahead of schedule.整修工程提前完工。

意思相同的介系詞與連接詞

介系詞後面接名詞、名詞片語、代名詞或 V-ing；連接詞後面接有主詞和有時態動詞的子句。

despite 不接 of；in spite of 才有。despite the fact that + 子句 也正確。

意思	介系詞（+ N / V-ing）	連接詞（+ S + V）
在……期間	during	while
因為	because of, due to, owing to	because, since, as
儘管	despite, in spite of	although, even though, though
以防、萬一	in case of	in case
除非／若沒有	without, barring	unless
之前／之後／自從	before, after, since（+ N/V-ing）	before, after, since（+ 子句）

例句

Despite the heavy rain, the outdoor event went ahead.儘管下大雨，戶外活動仍照常舉行。
Although it rained heavily, the outdoor event went ahead.雖然雨下得很大，戶外活動仍照常舉行。

介系詞 + V-ing

介系詞之後，動詞必須用 V-ing（動名詞）。要學會辨認哪些片語裡的 to 是介系詞，而不是 to + 原形動詞。

常見的介系詞：before/after submitting、by using（藉由）、without notifying、instead of printing、in addition to managing、upon receiving。
以下片語中的 to 是介系詞：look forward to, be committed to, be dedicated to, be used to, be accustomed to, object to, contribute to, in addition to, with a view to → We look forward to meeting you.

例句

After reviewing your application, we would like to invite you for an interview.在審閱您的申請資料後，我們想邀請您前來面試。
We look forward to working with you.我們期待與您合作。

多益常見的動詞 + 介系詞

不及物動詞要接到對象，必須透過一個固定的介系詞。Part 5 常把這個介系詞挖空，或給四個動詞讓你選出能搭配題目中介系詞的那一個。請整組片語一起記。

result in + 結果，result from + 原因：The delay resulted in extra costs. / The extra costs resulted from the delay.
provide sb with sth = provide sth to/for sb。prevent sb from、refrain from、insist on、succeed in 之後接 V-ing：refrain from using phones。

介系詞	動詞
for	apply for, account for, register for, qualify for, pay for, wait for, compensate for, allow for
to	refer to, respond to, reply to, belong to, contribute to, subscribe to, adapt to, object to, lead to
with	comply with, deal with, cooperate with, interfere with, coincide with, provide sb with
on	depend on, rely on, focus on, insist on, comment on, concentrate on, decide on
in	participate in, specialize in, invest in, result in, succeed in, engage in, enroll in
from	benefit from, result from, differ from, recover from, refrain from, prevent sb from
about, of	inquire about, complain about, consist of, dispose of, approve of

例句

All contractors must comply with local building codes.所有承包商都必須遵守當地的建築法規。
Many small businesses have benefited from the new tax policy.許多小型企業都從新的稅務政策中受惠。

表示方式、媒介與數字的介系詞

除了時間和地點，介系詞也能說明用什麼方式做、透過什麼管道、以多少價格。這類介系詞常出現在付款、訂購通知和數據報告中。

by car, by email 不加冠詞；有冠詞或所有格時要換介系詞：in my car、on the 8 a.m. train。
by + V-ing 表示藉由做某事；with + 名詞 表示工具：by updating the software 不同於 with the new software。

介系詞	用於	例句
by	交通工具、付款方式、做法（+ V-ing）	by courier, by credit card, by using the app
in	現金、貨幣單位、形式	pay in cash, in writing, in euros, in bulk
with	具體的工具、物品；附帶有	sign with a pen, a room with a view
via, through	透過某個管道、中間方	submit via the online portal, book through a travel agent
at	價格、速度、程度	at a price of $20, at a rate of 5%, at full capacity
by	差額、計算單位	increase by 10%, paid by the hour
per	每	$15 per person, three meetings per week
for	換取的價格	sold for $500, a refund for the item

例句

Payments can be made by bank transfer or in cash.可以用銀行轉帳或現金付款。
Applications must be submitted via our online portal.申請必須透過我們的線上平台提交。

商務文件中的正式介系詞

Part 6、Part 7 的信件、公告和合約大量使用正式的介系詞；許多字看起來像 V-ing 或 V3，實際上是當介系詞用。Part 5 也常把它們放進選項中。

這些介系詞後面接名詞或名詞片語，不接子句：following the meeting，不能說 following the meeting ended；要接子句就改用連接詞 after。

介系詞	意思	例句
upon, on	一……就（+ 名詞/V-ing）	Payment is due upon receipt of the invoice.
regarding, concerning, with regard to	關於、有關	I am writing regarding your recent order.
following	在……之後、繼……之後	Following the merger, several departments were combined.
pending	在等待……期間	The contract is on hold pending legal review.
including, excluding	包括、不包括	The price is $80, excluding tax.
given	考慮到、由於	Given the high demand, we will extend the sale.
beyond	超出、在……之外	The delay was beyond our control.
amid	在……之中、在……的情況下	Prices rose amid strong demand.
as for	至於	As for the budget, it will be discussed tomorrow.

例句

Upon arrival, please check in at the front desk.抵達後，請到櫃檯辦理報到手續。
Pending approval from the board, construction will begin in March.待董事會核准後，工程預計將於三月開工。

多益解題技巧

介系詞還是連接詞的題目：看空格後面。接子句（S + 有時態的 V） → 連接詞（although, because, while）；只接名詞／名詞片語／V-ing → 介系詞（despite, because of, during）。
by 與 until：動作要在期限前完成（submit, finish, return, arrive）→ by；狀態持續到某個時間（stay, wait, remain open, be valid）→ until。
within + 一段時間（within 30 days），during + 有名稱的事件／時段（during the meeting），for + 時間長度（for three years），since + 起點（since 2020，通常搭配現在完成式）。
固定片語整組記：in accordance with, on behalf of, in charge of, ahead of schedule, out of stock, under construction, prior to, regardless of, in response to。Part 5 通常只挖掉片語中的一個字。

常見錯誤

錯誤: Please return the signed contract until Friday.

正確: Please return the signed contract by Friday.

在期限前完成的動作用 by；until 用於持續的狀態。

錯誤: Despite of the delay, the project was successful.

正確: Despite the delay, the project was successful.

Despite 不接 of（in spite of 才有 of）。

錯誤: During the manager was away, Mr. Lee handled the calls.

正確: While the manager was away, Mr. Lee handled the calls.

空格後面是子句，所以需要連接詞 while。

錯誤: The meeting is scheduled in Monday at 10 a.m.

正確: The meeting is scheduled on Monday at 10 a.m.

星期用 on。

錯誤: We look forward to hear from you.

正確: We look forward to hearing from you.

Look forward to 的 to 是介系詞，所以後面接 V-ing。

練習題（附解答）

1.The quarterly meeting will be held ------- Monday, April 6.
1. (A) in
2. (B) on
3. (C) at
4. (D) to
查看解答與解析
答案: (B) on
星期和具體日期（Monday, April 6）之前用 on。in 用於月份／年份，at 用於時刻，to 表示方向／目的地，不表示事情發生的時間。
2.All department heads must submit their revised budget proposals ------- Friday, March 14, at the latest.
1. (A) by
2. (B) until
3. (C) since
4. (D) among
查看解答與解析
答案: (A) by
一次性動作（submit）的截止期限用 by + 時間點，特別是有 at the latest 時。until 用於持續到該時間點的狀態，since 需要搭配完成式，among 表示在多人／多物之間的位置。
3.The pool at the Lakeside Resort will stay closed ------- the end of September for repairs.
1. (A) until
2. (B) by
3. (C) since
4. (D) within
查看解答與解析
答案: (A) until
持續到某個時間點的狀態（stay closed）用 until：until the end of September。by 用於完成的動作；since 需要搭配完成式；within 接一段時間。
4.Customers who are not satisfied may return the product ------- 30 days of purchase for a full refund.
1. (A) during
2. (B) since
3. (C) until
4. (D) within
查看解答與解析
答案: (D) within
within + 一段時間（在……之內，不超過）：within 30 days of purchase。during 不用於此結構；since、until 需要時間點。
5.Mr. Navarro has worked for Pacifica Freight ------- 2019.
1. (A) for
2. (B) from
3. (C) since
4. (D) during
查看解答與解析
答案: (C) since
現在完成式 + 時間起點（2019）用 since。for 搭配一段時間（for five years）。
6.Ms. Akins will speak at the conference ------- the company's CEO, who is unable to attend.
1. (A) on behalf of
2. (B) in spite of
3. (C) in addition
4. (D) according to
查看解答與解析
答案: (A) on behalf of
CEO 無法出席，所以她代表 CEO 發言：on behalf of。in addition 缺少 to；in spite of、according to 語意不符。
7.------- Mr. Wong was on vacation, Ms. Patel handled all of his client accounts.
1. (A) During
2. (B) While
3. (C) Despite
4. (D) Because of
查看解答與解析
答案: (B) While
後面接的是有主詞和時態動詞的子句（Mr. Wong was on vacation）→ 連接詞 While。During、Despite、Because of 是介系詞，接名詞／名詞片語（Despite、Because of 也可接 V-ing），不能接子句。
8.------- the heavy rain, the outdoor product launch was a great success.
1. (A) Although
2. (B) Despite
3. (C) Even though
4. (D) Because
查看解答與解析
答案: (B) Despite
空格後面是名詞片語（the heavy rain），因此需要介系詞 Despite。Although、Even though、Because 是連接詞，必須接子句。
9.Customers can save up to 20 percent by ------- their orders through our mobile app.
1. (A) place
2. (B) placed
3. (C) placing
4. (D) to place
查看解答與解析
答案: (C) placing
介系詞 by（藉由）之後用 V-ing：by placing their orders。place、to place 是原形／不定詞；placed 是過去分詞。
10.I am writing ------- regard to the invoice I received from your company on October 3.
1. (A) on
2. (B) for
3. (C) by
4. (D) with
查看解答與解析
答案: (D) with
固定用法 with regard to（關於）：with regard to the invoice。on、for、by 不與 regard to 搭配。

練習題

60 題 Part 5 題型，一次一題，每題作答後立即附上解析。

開始練習

常見問題

表示時間的 in、on、at 怎麼分辨？

由大到小：in 用於較長的時間，如月份、年份、季節、一天中的時段（in May, in 2027, in the morning）；on 用於星期和特定日期（on Monday, on March 5, on Friday afternoon）；at 用於時刻和時間點（at 9:30, at noon, at the end of the month）。在 next, last, this, every 之前不用介系詞：next Tuesday，不能說 on next Tuesday。

by 和 until 有什麼不同？

by 的意思是不晚於，用於必須在期限前完成的動作：Please submit the report by Friday（任何時候交都可以，只要在星期五或之前）。until 的意思是一直持續到，用於持續的狀態：The office is open until 6 p.m. 訣竅：submit、return、finish、arrive 等表示完成的動詞搭配 by；stay、wait、remain、be valid 等表示持續的動詞搭配 until。

during 和 while 有什麼不同？

意思都是「在……期間」，但詞性不同。during 是介系詞，後面接名詞：during the meeting, during the holiday season。while 是連接詞，後面接有主詞和動詞的子句：while the manager was away，或省略後的片語 while working。because of/because、despite/although 也是同樣的區別。

despite 和 although 有什麼不同？

兩者的意思都是「儘管」。despite（和 in spite of）是介系詞，後面接名詞或 V-ing：Despite the rain, the event went ahead。although（和 even though、though）是連接詞，後面接子句：Although it rained, the event went ahead。despite 不搭配 of；如果想在 despite 後面接子句，就必須寫成 despite the fact that + 子句。

介系詞後面的動詞用什麼形式？

介系詞後面的動詞一律用 V-ing：before submitting, by using, without notifying, instead of printing。要特別注意 to 是介系詞、而不是 to + 原形動詞的片語：look forward to, be committed to, be used to, be dedicated to, object to, contribute to, in addition to。所以要寫 We look forward to meeting you，不能寫 to meet you。

怎樣才能把介系詞記得牢？

不要單獨背介系詞，因為它的意思會隨著搭配的字而改變。請以片語來學：動詞 + 介系詞（comply with）、形容詞 + 介系詞（responsible for）、名詞 + 介系詞（demand for）和固定片語（ahead of schedule, on behalf of）。每個片語都搭配一個職場例句，並複習自己在 Part 5 做錯的片語。