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動詞與時態基礎

過去簡單式與過去進行式

Past simple and past continuous

過去簡單式敘述在過去某個明確時間已完成的事;過去進行式描述過去某一時刻正在進行的事;並介紹 used to、would、be used to、get used to。

練習 60 題

句型結構

  • 規則動詞加 -ed:complete → completed、plan → planned、apply → applied、stay → stayed。
  • 不規則動詞必須背第二欄(V2):buy → bought、pay → paid、meet → met、hold → held、choose → chose、begin → began、cost → cost、set → set。
  • To be:I/he/she/it 及單數名詞用 was;you/we/they 及複數名詞用 were。
  • did/didn't 之後動詞回到原形:Did you receive ...?(不是 received)。
形式過去簡單式過去進行式
肯定句S + V2/ed: They shipped the order.S + was/were + V-ing: They were shipping the order.
否定句S + did not (didn't) + V: They didn't ship it.S + was/were + not + V-ing: They weren't shipping it.
疑問句Did + S + V?: Did they ship it?Was/Were + S + V-ing?: Were they shipping it?

多益常見的不規則動詞

多益不會要你背整張動詞表,但錯誤選項常常是拼錯的 V2/V3,或用錯欄位的形式。下列動詞在職場情境中經常出現。

  • find / found 陷阱:find – found – found(找到)與 found – founded – founded(創立)。The company was founded in 1998 用 founded,不用 found。
  • fall / fell 陷阱:fell 是 fall(下降)的 V2,而 fell – felled – felled 是另一個動詞(砍伐樹木)。談銷售額、價格時:Prices fell sharply、Prices have fallen。
  • V1 = V2 = V3 的動詞(cost, cut, put, set, let, forecast, broadcast)要靠主詞和時間點判斷:The repair cost $200 last month(過去式,沒有 -s)不同於 The repair costs $200(現在式)。
V1V2(過去式)V3(過去分詞)意思
arisearosearisen產生、出現
bringbroughtbrought帶來
buildbuiltbuilt建造
choosechosechosen選擇
deal (with)dealtdealt處理
fallfellfallen下降、掉落
forecastforecastforecast預測
holdheldheld舉行(會議、活動)
leadledled帶領、領導
overseeoversawoverseen監督
riseroserisen上升(自行上升)
seeksoughtsought尋求
spendspentspent花費
undergounderwentundergone經歷(維修、檢查)
withdrawwithdrewwithdrawn撤回、提領(款項、申請)
writewrotewritten寫
例句
  • Several problems arose during the installation of the new software.安裝新軟體的過程中出現了幾個問題。
  • The factory underwent a full safety inspection last spring.這間工廠去年春天接受了一次全面的安全檢查。

過去簡單式的用法

  • 在過去某個明確時間已完成的動作。
  • 過去接連發生的一連串動作。
  • 在一段已結束的期間內的習慣或狀態:He worked in Seoul for ten years(現在已不在那裡工作)。
例句
  • We received your payment two days ago.我們兩天前收到了您的付款。
  • The CEO arrived, greeted the guests, and opened the conference.執行長抵達後向來賓致意,並為會議揭幕。
  • Ms. Garcia led the marketing department from 2018 to 2022.Garcia 女士從 2018 年到 2022 年領導行銷部門。

過去簡單式的時間點:ago、before、last、previously

過去簡單式需要一個已經結束的時間點,可能在句中明說,也可能從上下文就很清楚。有些時間詞看起來很像,搭配的時態卻不同。

  • ago 一定放在一段時間的後面(two years ago),而且不與現在完成式連用。
  • 區分 last month(過去簡單式)與 over the last month(現在完成式):只多了一個 the,時態就不同。
  • recently 可搭配過去簡單式(The company recently opened a new branch)也可搭配現在完成式;選項中兩種形式都有時,請找句中其他的時間線索。
單字、片語意思與時態例句
一段時間 + ago(從現在算起)…之前 → 過去簡單式The order arrived three days ago.
一段時間 + before + 過去時間點在該時間點之前 → 過去完成式或過去簡單式She had resigned two weeks before the merger.
last week/month/year上週/上個月/去年(已結束)→ 過去簡單式We launched the app last month.
the last / the past + 一段時間過去這…以來(延續到現在)→ 現在完成式Costs have risen over the last two months.
previously, formerly, once以前、曾經 → 過去簡單式Mr. Ito previously worked for a law firm.
earlier today / this morning稍早、已過去 → 過去簡單式I spoke with the client earlier this morning.
in + 已過去的年份/月份明確的時間點 → 過去簡單式The branch opened in 2019.
at that time, back then當時 → 過去簡單式或過去進行式At that time, the firm was still small.
例句
  • Ms. Ruiz joined the company five years ago as a junior accountant.Ruiz 小姐五年前以初級會計師的職位進入公司。
  • The building previously served as a textile factory.這棟建築以前曾是一間紡織廠。

過去進行式的用法;when 與 while

S + was/were + V-ing + when + S + V2/edWhile + S + was/were + V-ing, S + V2/ed (或 was/were + V-ing)
  • 過去某一時刻正在進行的動作:At 10 A.M. yesterday, I was interviewing a candidate.
  • 正在進行的動作被另一個短暫的動作打斷:較長的動作用過去進行式,插入的動作用過去簡單式。
  • 兩個動作同時進行:while + 過去進行式,另一個子句通常也用進行式。
  • 描述故事的背景:It was raining and everyone was waiting for the bus.
  • 狀態動詞(know, own, need……)仍然不用進行式。
例句
  • The fire alarm went off while Mr. Diaz was giving his presentation.Diaz 先生正在簡報時,火災警報響了。
  • I was checking the inventory when the delivery truck arrived.我正在盤點庫存時,送貨卡車到了。
  • While the technicians were installing the software, the staff were attending a training session.技術人員安裝軟體的同時,員工正在參加訓練課程。

禮貌書信與未完成計畫中的過去進行式

在工作電子郵件中,過去進行式不只用來敘事。它也能讓請求、問句顯得更委婉、更有禮貌,並表達原本打算、後來不得不改變的計畫。

  • I was wondering if + S + could/would + V:非常有禮貌的請求句型,常見於 Part 6 和 Part 7:I was wondering if you could send me the updated price list.
  • I was hoping (that) ... / We were hoping to + V:委婉地表達希望:We were hoping to schedule a call this week.
  • We were thinking of + V-ing:正打算做某事(尚未確定):We were thinking of moving the launch to May.
  • was/were planning to + V:原本打算做但計畫有變,常搭配 but:I was planning to call you, but the meeting ran late.
  • 這些句型雖用過去式,談的卻是現在:寫信者在寫信當下仍在詢問或仍有這個希望。
例句
  • I was wondering if you could join us for the project review on Friday.想請問您週五是否能和我們一起參加專案檢討會。
  • We were planning to hold the event outdoors, but the forecast changed.我們原本打算在戶外舉辦活動,但天氣預報有了變化。

Used to、would、be used to、get used to

  • 表示狀態時(be, have, own, know……)只能用 used to:The building used to be a warehouse(不用 would be)。
  • 在 be/get used to 中,to 是介系詞,所以後面接 V-ing 或名詞。
  • 注意與被動的 be used to + V(= 被用來)區分:This room is used to store files.
結構意思例句
used to + V過去的習慣或狀態,現在已不再如此We used to print every report.
didn't use to + Vused to 的否定(did 之後不加 -d)The office didn't use to open on Saturdays.
would + V過去重複發生的動作(不用於狀態)Every Friday, the team would have lunch together.
be used to + V-ing/N已經習慣某事She is used to working late.
get used to + V-ing/N逐漸習慣、變得習慣You will soon get used to the new system.
例句
  • Employees used to submit expense reports on paper.員工以前都用紙本提交費用報告。
  • Our drivers are used to delivering in heavy traffic.我們的司機已經習慣在車流壅塞時送貨。

多益解題技巧

  1. Part 5 的過去簡單式線索:yesterday, last week/month/year, ago, in 2023, earlier this morning, previously, recently(有時),或 when + 過去式 的子句。有明確的過去時間點就刪去 has/have + V3 的選項。
  2. 題目常考容易混淆的不規則動詞:rise – rose – risen(自行上升)不同於 raise – raised – raised(提高、抬起某物);lie – lay – lain(躺)不同於 lay – laid – laid(放置);hold – held、lead – led、seek – sought、send – sent。
  3. While 通常搭配過去進行式(while she was presenting),when 通常搭配表示插入動作的過去簡單式(when the power went out)。
  4. 依空格後的詞形判斷:used to + 原形動詞(過去的習慣)與 be/get used to + V-ing(習慣於)。看到 is used to / are used to / get used to,答案就是 V-ing 或名詞。

常見錯誤

錯誤: The company has hired ten new staff last month.

正確: The company hired ten new staff last month.

Last month 是已結束的過去時間點,所以用過去簡單式。

錯誤: Did you sent the invoice?

正確: Did you send the invoice?

did 之後動詞用原形。

錯誤: Sales raised by 12 percent last quarter.

正確: Sales rose by 12 percent last quarter.

Rise(自行上升,不及物動詞):rise – rose – risen;raise 需要受詞。

錯誤: I am used to work on weekends.

正確: I am used to working on weekends.

Be used to + V-ing(to 是介系詞)。

錯誤: When the client called, I wrote an email, so I missed it.

正確: When the client called, I was writing an email, so I missed it.

正在進行而被打斷的動作用過去進行式。

練習題(附解答)

  1. 1.Three years ago, Brightwell Foods ------- its first factory outside Canada.

    1. (A) opened
    2. (B) opens
    3. (C) has opened
    4. (D) was opened
    查看解答與解析

    答案: (A) opened

    ago 是過去簡單式的標記 → opened。has opened 不與 ago 搭配,was opened 是被動式,但句中有受詞 its first factory。

  2. 2.Ms. Chen ------- her presentation to the investors when the projector suddenly stopped working.

    1. (A) gives
    2. (B) has given
    3. (C) was giving
    4. (D) is giving
    查看解答與解析

    答案: (C) was giving

    正在進行的動作被另一個動作打斷(when + 過去簡單式 stopped)→ 過去進行式 was giving。其餘選項都是現在式。

  3. 3.While the electricians ------- the new lighting in the lobby, visitors used the side entrance.

    1. (A) was installing
    2. (B) were installing
    3. (C) installs
    4. (D) are installing
    查看解答與解析

    答案: (B) were installing

    While + 過去持續的動作(主要子句為 used)→ 過去進行式;主詞是複數,所以用 were installing。was installing 主詞動詞不一致,installs 和 are installing 是現在式。

  4. 4.Shipping costs ------- by nearly 8 percent last quarter because of higher fuel prices.

    1. (A) raised
    2. (B) risen
    3. (C) rose
    4. (D) rises
    查看解答與解析

    答案: (C) rose

    成本是自己上升,沒有受詞 → 不及物動詞 rise;有 last quarter,所以用過去式 rose。raised 需要受詞,risen 需要助動詞,rises 是現在式。

  5. 5.Last year, the firm ------- outside investors to fund its expansion into Southeast Asia.

    1. (A) seeks
    2. (B) seeking
    3. (C) sought
    4. (D) has sought
    查看解答與解析

    答案: (C) sought

    Last year → 過去簡單式;seek 是不規則動詞,過去式為 sought。seeks 是現在式,seeking 缺少助動詞,has sought 不能與已結束的過去時間點連用。

  6. 6.Before the new expense portal launched, employees ------- submit their travel receipts on paper forms.

    1. (A) use to
    2. (B) using to
    3. (C) were used
    4. (D) used to
    查看解答與解析

    答案: (D) used to

    過去的習慣現在已不存在(Before the new expense portal launched)→ used to + 原形動詞。use to 在肯定句中少了 -d,using to 不是正確的句型,were used submit 文法錯誤。

  7. 7.After ten years on the night shift, Ms. Okoro is used to ------- while most people are asleep.

    1. (A) working
    2. (B) work
    3. (C) worked
    4. (D) works
    查看解答與解析

    答案: (A) working

    be used to(= 習慣於)中的 to 是介系詞,後面要接 V-ing:working。work、worked、works 都不能放在介系詞 to 後面。

  8. 8.In the company's early years, the founders ------- gather the whole staff in the cafeteria every Friday to share updates.

    1. (A) use to
    2. (B) were using
    3. (C) using to
    4. (D) would
    查看解答與解析

    答案: (D) would

    過去反覆發生的動作(In the company's early years ... every Friday)→ would + 原形動詞。use to 少了 -d,were using gather 句型錯誤,using to 缺少主要動詞。

  9. 9.The Riverside branch ------- open on Saturdays, but it began offering weekend hours in May.

    1. (A) didn't used
    2. (B) didn't use to
    3. (C) doesn't use to
    4. (D) not used to
    查看解答與解析

    答案: (B) didn't use to

    過去的狀態現在已經改變(but it began offering weekend hours)→ used to 的否定是 didn't use to + V。didn't used 形式錯誤且少了 to,doesn't use to 不存在,not used to 缺少助動詞。

  10. 10.------- the Main Street branch use to offer evening hours before the staffing cuts?

    1. (A) Was
    2. (B) Does
    3. (C) Has
    4. (D) Did
    查看解答與解析

    答案: (D) Did

    used to 的疑問句用 Did + S + use to + V:Did。Was 和 Has 不能搭配 use to;Does 錯在 used to 只用於過去。

練習題

60 題 Part 5 題型,一次一題,每題作答後立即附上解析。

開始練習

常見問題

過去簡單式和過去進行式有什麼不同?

過去簡單式(past simple)敘述在過去某個時間點已經發生並結束的事:We signed the contract on Monday。過去進行式(past continuous)描述當時正在進行的事,並不談它是否結束:At 10 A.M., we were signing the contract。兩件事同時發生時,持續較久的用過去進行式,突然插入的短暫動作用過去簡單式。

過去進行式要搭配 when 還是 while?

While 強調一段時間,因此常搭配過去進行式:While I was preparing the slides, the client called。When 則常搭配過去簡單式的短暫動作:I was preparing the slides when the client called。這是傾向而非硬性規則,但在 Part 5 中,緊接在 while + 主詞 之後的動詞幾乎都是 was/were + V-ing。

規則動詞加 -ed 的方法是什麼?

大多數動詞加 -ed(order → ordered);字尾是 e 的動詞只加 -d(complete → completed)。子音 + y 改成 -ied(apply → applied),母音 + y 則不變(stay → stayed)。單音節且以「子音–母音–子音」結尾的動詞要重複最後一個子音(plan → planned、stop → stopped)。hold, lead, seek 等不規則動詞則必須背起來。

Used to、be used to 和 get used to 有什麼不同?

used to + V 表示以前有、現在已沒有的習慣或狀態:We used to print every report。be used to + V-ing/N 表示已經習慣某事:She is used to working late。get used to + V-ing/N 表示逐漸習慣:You will get used to the new system。後兩個結構中的 to 是介系詞,所以後面接 V-ing 或名詞。

可以用 would 代替 used to 嗎?

只有在談過去重複的動作時可以:Every Friday, the team would have lunch together。如果是狀態(be, have, own, know, live...)就只能用 used to:The building used to be a warehouse,不說 would be a warehouse。此外 would 需要明確的過去語境,而 used to 本身就帶有「以前」的意思。

在多益中怎麼區分過去簡單式和現在完成式?

找時間點。如果有 ago, yesterday, last month, in 2022, earlier this morning 這類已結束的時間點,就選過去簡單式。如果有 since, for the past, so far, already, yet,或沒有提到時間點而是強調現在的結果,就選現在完成式。以 When 開頭的問句一律用過去簡單式:When did the shipment arrive?