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詞性與片語中級

比較級與最高級

Comparatives and superlatives

原級比較、比較級、最高級、不規則變化、修飾比較級的字、the more... the more 結構以及 one of the + 最高級。

練習 60 題

比較級與最高級的構成

  • 有些雙音節形容詞兩種方式都可以:quiet, simple, narrow, clever(simpler / more simple)。
  • -ly 結尾的副詞用 more/most:more quickly;與形容詞同形的副詞用 -er:harder, faster, earlier, later。
  • 劣等比較:less + 形容詞/副詞(less expensive)、the least;fewer + 複數名詞,less + 不可數名詞。
  • further 還有進一步、更多的意思:for further information。
形容詞/副詞類型比較級最高級
單音節cheap → cheaper, large → largerthe cheapest, the largest
單音節,子音-母音-子音big → bigger, hot → hotterthe biggest
雙音節且以 -y 結尾busy → busier, early → earlierthe busiest, the earliest
雙音節以上more efficient, more carefullythe most efficient
不規則good/well → better; bad/badly → worse; far → farther/further; little → less; many/much → morebest; worst; farthest/furthest; least; most

原級比較(同等比較)

as + 形容詞/副詞 + asnot as/so + 形容詞/副詞 + asas + many/much + 名詞 + asthe same (+ 名詞) + astwice / three times / half + as ... as
  • as soon as possible、as early as、as much as 是非常常見的片語。
  • the same as(相同)、similar to、different from 不用 than。
例句
  • The new model is twice as fast as the previous one.新型號的速度是前一代的兩倍。
  • Please reply as soon as possible.請盡快回覆。
  • This quarter we did not sell as many units as we expected.本季我們的銷量不如預期。

比較級與修飾語

S + V + 形容詞-er / more + 形容詞 + than + N/代名詞/子句much / far / a lot / even / still / considerably / significantly / slightly / a little + 比較級
  • than 之後可以接受格代名詞(than him)或子句(than he did)。比較兩個事物的屬性時,用 that of / those of。
  • the + 比較級 + of the two:Ms. Ruiz is the more experienced of the two candidates.
  • 某些拉丁字源的形容詞用 to 取代 than:superior to, inferior to, senior to, junior to, prior to, prefer A to B。
例句
  • Shipping costs are considerably higher this year than last year.今年的運費比去年高出許多。
  • The online version is even more popular than the printed one.線上版甚至比紙本版更受歡迎。

最高級

the + 形容詞-est / the most + 形容詞 + (名詞) + in + 地點/組織the ... + of + 群體/期間the ... + (that) + S + have/has ever + V3one of the + 最高級 + 複數名詞
  • 地點或組織用 in(in the city, in the company),群體或時間用 of(of all the candidates, of the year)。
  • 可以用所有格取代 the:our biggest client。
  • 加強最高級:by far the best、the very best;表示名次:the second largest。
  • One of the + 複數 N 當主詞時 → 單數動詞:One of the largest firms is based here.
例句
  • This is the most comprehensive report we have ever received.這是我們收過最完整的一份報告。
  • Mr. Okafor is one of the most respected engineers in the industry.歐卡佛先生是業界最受敬重的工程師之一。

the more... the more 與遞增比較

The + 比較級 + S + V, the + 比較級 + S + V比較級 + and + 比較級(越來越)
  • 可以省略:The sooner, the better.
  • 較長的形容詞:more and more expensive(不說 more expensive and more expensive)。更正式的說法:increasingly expensive。
例句
  • The earlier you book, the lower the fare will be.越早訂票,票價越低。
  • Online shopping is becoming more and more popular.線上購物越來越普及。

與數字有關的比較:幾倍、增加多少

Part 7 的銷售報告、圖表,以及 Part 5 的數據題,大量使用帶數字的比較結構。必須掌握倍數的位置和搭配的介系詞。

  • twice 表示兩倍;三倍以上用 three times, four times。正式文體不用 two times as ... as。
  • by 表示差額,to 表示最後達到的數值:Prices rose by $5(上漲了 5 美元)不同於 Prices rose to $5(漲到 5 美元)。
結構例句
twice / three times / half + as + 形容詞 + asThe new warehouse is twice as large as the old one.
倍數 + 比較級 + thanThe new processor is three times faster than the previous model.
倍數 + the + size/number/amount + ofThe new office is twice the size of the old one.
increase/decrease/rise/fall + by + 差額Sales increased by 15% compared with last year.
數字 / % + 比較級 + thanCosts were 10% higher than expected.
compared with/to, in comparison withCompared with last year, profits have doubled.
例句
  • Online sales were twice as high as in-store sales last month.上個月的線上銷售額是門市銷售額的兩倍。
  • The number of visitors increased by 20 percent after the redesign.改版之後,訪客人數增加了 20%。

省略式比較:than expected、than usual、than ever

在商務文件中,比較句的後半部常被省略到只剩一兩個字。Part 5 常把這些片語前面的比較級挖空。

  • 在句尾看到這些片語時,前面的空格幾乎一定是比較級:The results were ------- than expected → better,不是 good 或 best。
  • 後半部也可以省略成 than + 主詞 + 助動詞:The new model sells better than the old one did.
片語意思例句
than expected, than anticipated比預期The project took longer than expected.
than usual比平常Traffic is heavier than usual today.
than ever (before)比以往任何時候都Our products are more popular than ever.
than planned, than scheduled比原定計畫The store opened earlier than planned.
than previously thought比先前所想的The repairs will cost more than previously thought.
than necessary超過必要的程度Please do not print more copies than necessary.
than last year, than in the past和去年相比、和以前相比Fewer people attended than last year.
例句
  • Ticket sales for the conference were higher than anticipated.研討會的門票銷售量比預期更高。
  • Customers care more about fast delivery than ever before.顧客比以往任何時候都更重視快速到貨。

多益常見的比較固定片語

有些片語雖然有比較的形式,但已經成為具有特定意思的固定片語。它們大量出現在公告、電子郵件和合約中。

  • rather than 連接形式相同的兩個成分:repair rather than replace、by email rather than by phone。
  • 表達截止期限時,no later than 相當於 by:no later than 5 p.m. on Friday = by 5 p.m. on Friday。
片語意思例句
no later than最晚在、不晚於Please submit the form no later than May 5.
at the latest, at the earliest最晚、最早The parts will arrive by Friday at the latest.
rather than而不是We decided to repair the machine rather than replace it.
other than除了No one other than the manager has the key.
would rather + V + than + V寧願……也不願……Many staff would rather work from home than commute.
prefer A to B喜歡 A 勝過 BMost clients prefer email to phone calls.
no less than不少於(強調數字很大)The CEO met no less than ten investors this week.
more or less大約、差不多The project is more or less finished.
例句
  • All entries must be received no later than June 30.所有參賽作品最晚須於 6 月 30 日前送達。
  • Many employees would rather work from home than commute every day.許多員工寧願在家工作,也不想每天通勤。

多益解題技巧

  1. 後面看到 than → 選比較級(-er/more);前面有 the、後面有 in/of/ever/that...have ever → 選最高級;看到 as ... as → 選形容詞/副詞的原級。
  2. 修飾比較級的題目:選 much, far, even, still, a lot, considerably, significantly, slightly;刪掉 very, more, so(very cheaper 是錯的)。
  3. 在 as ___ as 中仍要判斷形容詞還是副詞:as quickly as possible(修飾動詞)和 as efficient as(be 動詞之後)。
  4. One of the + 最高級 + 複數名詞,動詞依 one(單數)決定,是 Part 5 的常見陷阱。

常見錯誤

錯誤: This laptop is very lighter than the old one.

正確: This laptop is much lighter than the old one.

Very 不能修飾比較級;要用 much/far/even。

錯誤: Our new office is more larger than the old one.

正確: Our new office is larger than the old one.

More 和字尾 -er 不能同時使用。

錯誤: She is one of the best manager in the company.

正確: She is one of the best managers in the company.

One of the + 最高級之後接複數名詞。

錯誤: The project was completed as quick as possible.

正確: The project was completed as quickly as possible.

修飾動詞 completed 要用副詞。

錯誤: This product is superior than its competitors.

正確: This product is superior to its competitors.

Superior 搭配 to,不用 than。

練習題(附解答)

  1. 1.The new office is ------- spacious as the old one, but the rent is cheaper.

    1. (A) so
    2. (B) as
    3. (C) more
    4. (D) most
    查看解答與解析

    答案: (B) as

    同級比較 as + 形容詞 + as:as spacious as。so ... as 只用於否定句;more 需要 than。

  2. 2.The compact model weighs only half ------- much as our standard vacuum cleaner.

    1. (A) as
    2. (B) so
    3. (C) than
    4. (D) more
    查看解答與解析

    答案: (A) as

    分數/倍數的比較:half + as + much + as:half as much as。so ... as 只用於否定句;than、more 結構錯誤。

  3. 3.This year's sales conference was ------- than last year's event.

    1. (A) large
    2. (B) larger
    3. (C) largest
    4. (D) more large
    查看解答與解析

    答案: (B) larger

    有 than 所以用比較級;large 是短形容詞,加 -r:larger。more large 錯誤,因為短形容詞不用 more。

  4. 4.The second quarter was ------- more profitable than the first.

    1. (A) very
    2. (B) so
    3. (C) much
    4. (D) most
    查看解答與解析

    答案: (C) much

    強調比較級時在 more 前面用 much(或 far, considerably)。very、so 不能放在比較級前面。

  5. 5.Bluewater Airlines offers the ------- fares on flights between Lisbon and Madrid.

    1. (A) lower
    2. (B) low
    3. (C) lowest
    4. (D) most low
    查看解答與解析

    答案: (C) lowest

    空格前面有 the 且沒有 than,因此用最高級 lowest。most low 錯誤,因為 low 是短形容詞。

  6. 6.Dr. Varga is one of the most respected ------- in the field of renewable energy.

    1. (A) researcher
    2. (B) research
    3. (C) researching
    4. (D) researchers
    查看解答與解析

    答案: (D) researchers

    one of the + 最高級 + 複數名詞:one of the most respected researchers。researcher 是單數;research 不指人;researching 是 V-ing。

  7. 7.The ------- we receive the documents, the sooner we can process your loan.

    1. (A) earliest
    2. (B) earlier
    3. (C) early
    4. (D) more early
    查看解答與解析

    答案: (B) earlier

    越……越…… 的結構:The + 比較級 ..., the + 比較級 ...;後半句有 the sooner,所以前半句是 the earlier。more early 形式錯誤。

  8. 8.Reviewers agree that the new camera's image quality is superior ------- that of any other model in its price range.

    1. (A) than
    2. (B) from
    3. (C) as
    4. (D) to
    查看解答與解析

    答案: (D) to

    superior 搭配 to,不用 than:superior to that of。than、from、as 不與 superior 搭配。

  9. 9.Traffic on the expressway was ------- than usual this morning because of the road repairs.

    1. (A) badder
    2. (B) worst
    3. (C) more bad
    4. (D) worse
    查看解答與解析

    答案: (D) worse

    bad 的比較級是不規則變化:worse than usual。badder、more bad 構成方式錯誤;worst 是最高級。

  10. 10.Thanks to the extra crew, the kitchen remodel was completed more quickly than the client -------.

    1. (A) had expected
    2. (B) expectation
    3. (C) expecting
    4. (D) to expect
    查看解答與解析

    答案: (A) had expected

    than 之後可以接含有變化動詞的子句:than the client had expected(在完工之前的預期)。expectation 是名詞;expecting、to expect 不能當主要動詞。

練習題

60 題 Part 5 題型,一次一題,每題作答後立即附上解析。

開始練習

常見問題

英文有哪些比較的類型?

主要有三種:同等比較 as + 形容詞 + as(as fast as)、比較級 形容詞-er/more + 形容詞 + than(cheaper than, more efficient than)和最高級 the + 形容詞-est/the most + 形容詞(the cheapest, the most efficient)。此外還有劣等比較(less ... than, the least)、漸進比較(more and more)和越……越……的結構(the sooner, the better)。

什麼時候加 -er/-est,什麼時候用 more/most?

單音節形容詞加 -er/-est(cheap → cheaper → the cheapest)。字尾是 -y 的雙音節形容詞把 y 改成 i 再加 -er/-est(busy → busier)。其餘雙音節以上的形容詞和字尾 -ly 的副詞用 more/most(more reliable, more quickly)。有些不規則變化必須背起來:good/well → better → best、bad → worse → worst、far → further → furthest。

為什麼不能說 very cheaper?

very 只修飾原級形容詞(very cheap)。要強調比較級,用 much, far, even, still, a lot, considerably, significantly(差距大)或 slightly, a little, a bit(差距小):much cheaper, slightly higher。這是 Part 5 非常常見的題型:選項中的 very、so、more 通常都是陷阱。

最高級要用 in 還是 of?

地點或組織用 in:the largest firm in the region、the best employee in the company。一個群體或一段時間用 of:the best of all the candidates、the busiest month of the year。此外,最高級也常接 that + S + have ever + V3 子句:the best offer we have ever received。

「越……越……」的結構怎麼寫?

公式是 The + 比較級 + S + V, the + 比較級 + S + V:The earlier you book, the lower the fare will be。前後兩部分都以 the 開頭,而且都是比較級。短句可以省略:The sooner, the better。要表達「越來越……」則用 比較級 + and + 比較級:more and more popular, cheaper and cheaper。

one of the + 最高級之後的動詞怎麼變化?

one of the + 最高級 後面接複數名詞,但整個片語當主詞時,動詞依 one 用單數:One of the largest suppliers is based in Osaka。Part 5 通常在其中一處設陷阱:在 one of the 後選單數名詞,或因為看到旁邊的複數名詞而選複數動詞。