動名詞與不定詞

動詞 + V-ing

以下動詞後面接 V-ing（動名詞）：

• 以動作當主詞或受詞時用 V-ing：Hiring qualified staff takes time.
• advise, allow, permit, recommend, encourage 後面沒有人作受詞時 + V-ing；有人作受詞時 + O + to V：We recommend booking early / We advise guests to book early.
• suggest 不接 O + to V：用 suggest + V-ing 或 suggest (that) + S + V（原形）。

動詞 + to V 與動詞 + 受詞 + to V

• V + O + to V 這組的被動：be + V3 + to V：Employees are required to wear ID badges. / Guests are encouraged to arrive early.
• 有些動詞接 V-ing 和 to V 意思幾乎不變：begin, start, continue, like, love, hate, prefer, intend。

接 V-ing 或 to V 意思不同的動詞

介系詞 + V-ing 以及作為介系詞的 to

• 所有介系詞之後：interested in, responsible for, capable of, instead of, in charge of, thank you for, prior to, upon, without, by, before, after, despite + V-ing。
• to 為介系詞的片語 + V-ing：look forward to, be committed to, be dedicated to, be devoted to, be used to, get used to, be accustomed to, object to, contribute to, in addition to, with a view to, when it comes to, be opposed to。
• 檢查訣竅：如果可以換成名詞（look forward to the meeting），那麼 to 就是介系詞 → 用 V-ing。

介系詞之後：選 V-ing 還是名詞？

介系詞後面可以接 V-ing 或名詞，所以 Part 5 常把兩者都放進選項（reviewing / review）。判斷要看空格周圍的字。

• 名詞不能直接接受詞：for the approval the budget 是錯的，要寫成 for approving the budget 或 for the approval of the budget。
• 介系詞後的 V-ing 搭配副詞，名詞則搭配形容詞：by carefully checking each invoice 和 by a careful check of each invoice。

表示目的的 to V，以及形容詞、名詞之後的 to V

• 目的：to / in order to / so as to + V；否定 in order not to / so as not to + V。
• 形容詞 + to V：able, eager, happy, pleased, likely, unlikely, willing, reluctant, ready, sure, certain, eligible：She is eligible to apply.
• It is + adj + (for sb) + to V：It is important for all staff to attend. too + adj + to V、adj + enough + to V。
• 名詞 + to V：decision, plan, ability, opportunity, effort, attempt, chance, right, way, time：an opportunity to expand。

V-ing 與 to V 的被動形式和完成形式

V-ing 和 to V 也有被動形式與完成形式。要選哪一種，取決於主詞是自己做還是被做，以及這件事和主要動詞是同時發生還是更早發生。

• 在 need, require 之後，若主詞是物品，V-ing 帶有被動意思：The printer needs repairing = The printer needs to be repaired。
• 先後順序已經很清楚時，不一定要用完成形式：He admitted taking the files 和 having taken 一樣正確。
• 否定：把 not 放在 V-ing 或 to V 之前：We apologize for not replying sooner. / Please be careful not to leave the door open.

不帶 to 的原形動詞

• 在情態動詞（can, must, should, will……）以及 had better, would rather, why not 之後。
• 在 make / let + O 之後：The manager made us redo the report.（被動：be made + to V。）
• 在 help (+ O) + V 或 to V 之後：This tool helps (us) (to) save time.
• 在感官動詞 see, hear, watch, notice + O + V（看到整個動作）或 + O + V-ing（看到動作的一部分、正在進行）之後。

多益常見的 V-ing 與 to V 固定片語

除了單一動詞之外，許多固定片語也規定了後面要接的動詞形式。以片語為單位來記，就不必每次遇到都重新推敲。

• spend 和 waste + 時間/金錢 + V-ing，不用 to V：They wasted an hour looking for the file.
• the first/last/only + N + to V 可代替關係子句：the first company to offer = the first company that offered。

常見錯誤

練習題（附解答）

1. 1.The company plans ------- its operations to Southeast Asia next year.

   1. (A) to expand
   2. (B) expanding
   3. (C) expand
   4. (D) expanded
   查看解答與解析

   答案: (A) to expand

   plan + to V → to expand。plan expanding 不對，因為 plan 不接 V-ing。

2. 2.Please avoid ------- personal phone calls during working hours.

   1. (A) make
   2. (B) making
   3. (C) to make
   4. (D) made
   查看解答與解析

   答案: (B) making

   avoid + V-ing → making。to make 不對，因為 avoid 不接 to V。

3. 3.The consultant encouraged the store managers ------- inventory levels on a weekly basis.

   1. (A) monitoring
   2. (B) monitor
   3. (C) monitored
   4. (D) to monitor
   查看解答與解析

   答案: (D) to monitor

   encourage + O (the store managers) + to V → to monitor。monitoring、monitor、monitored 都不是 encourage + 受詞後面該接的形式。

4. 4.Only employees with at least one year of service are eligible ------- for the tuition reimbursement program.

   1. (A) applying
   2. (B) apply
   3. (C) applied
   4. (D) to apply
   查看解答與解析

   答案: (D) to apply

   形容詞 eligible + to V → to apply。applying、apply、applied 都不是 eligible 後面該接的形式。

5. 5.Mr. Davis suggested ------- the meeting until all the data was available.

   1. (A) to postpone
   2. (B) postpone
   3. (C) postponing
   4. (D) postponed
   查看解答與解析

   答案: (C) postponing

   suggest + V-ing → postponing。suggest to postpone 是常見錯誤，suggest 不接 to V。

6. 6.We look forward to ------- you at the annual conference in May.

   1. (A) seeing
   2. (B) see
   3. (C) be seen
   4. (D) saw
   查看解答與解析

   答案: (A) seeing

   look forward to 中的 to 是介系詞，後面接 V-ing → seeing。see 是誤以為是 to V 的陷阱。

7. 7.Applicants can speed up the review process by ------- all required documents in a single PDF file.

   1. (A) upload
   2. (B) to upload
   3. (C) uploading
   4. (D) uploaded
   查看解答與解析

   答案: (C) uploading

   by + V-ing（藉由……）→ uploading。upload、to upload、uploaded 都不能放在介系詞 by 後面。

8. 8.In order ------- the holiday orders on time, the warehouse added a second shift last week.

   1. (A) processing
   2. (B) process
   3. (C) for processing
   4. (D) to process
   查看解答與解析

   答案: (D) to process

   表示目的：in order + to V → to process。processing、process、for processing 都不能搭配 in order。

9. 9.Ridgeline Airways regrets ------- passengers that Flight 208 to Lima has been canceled due to severe weather.

   1. (A) to inform
   2. (B) inform
   3. (C) informs
   4. (D) informed
   查看解答與解析

   答案: (A) to inform

   regret + to V（很遺憾必須通知）用於宣布壞消息 → to inform。inform、informs、informed 都不能放在 regrets 後面。

10. 10.The new compliance rules make every department ------- a monthly risk report.

    1. (A) to file
    2. (B) file
    3. (C) filing
    4. (D) filed
    查看解答與解析

    答案: (B) file

    make + O (every department) + 原形動詞（不加 to） → file。to file 只用於被動 be made to V；filing、filed 形式錯誤。

常見問題