被動語態

句型結構與使用時機

• 當不知道、不需要或不想說出執行者時用被動；想把焦點放在事件、結果時；以及用於正式文件、公告、流程說明。
• 只有及物動詞（有受詞）才能改為被動。
• by + 執行者只在執行的人或物是重要資訊時才使用。工具用 with：The form was signed with a blue pen.

主動句改被動句的步驟

把主動句改成被動句一律依照四個步驟。最重要的是保留原句的時態：只有 be 動詞隨時態變化，主要動詞永遠用 V3/ed。

• 步驟 1：找出主動句的受詞（受影響的人或物），移到句首當新主詞。如果受詞是代名詞，要改成主格：me → I、him → he、them → they、us → we。
• 步驟 2：判斷原句動詞的時態，再依該時態及新主詞（單數或複數）變化 be 動詞。
• 步驟 3：把主要動詞改成 V3/ed（過去分詞）：approve → approved、hold → held、write → written。
• 步驟 4：原主詞改成 by + 行為者 放在句尾；如果是 people, someone, they, we 或執行者不重要，就直接省略。

各時態的被動形式

• 非限定形式：to be + V3（The room needs to be cleaned）、being + V3（I dislike being interrupted）、having been + V3。
• 完成進行式幾乎不用被動。

否定句、疑問句及名詞後的被動

• 否定句：在第一個助動詞後面加 not：The invoice has not been paid.、The room was not cleaned.、Food must not be taken into the lab.
• Yes/No 疑問句：把第一個助動詞移到主詞前面：Was the package delivered?、Has the contract been signed?
• Wh- 疑問句：疑問詞 + 助動詞 + 主詞 + (be/been) + V3：When will the results be announced?、Where was this photo taken?
• 名詞後面的 V3 是被動關係子句的簡化形式：the report submitted yesterday = the report which was submitted yesterday。Part 5 常要求在這個位置選 V3 或 V-ing：名詞是被處理的對象就選 V3，名詞自己做動作就選 V-ing（employees attending the seminar）。

雙受詞動詞

give, send, offer, award, grant, lend, pay, promise, show, tell, assign 這些動詞有「人」和「物」兩個受詞，因此有兩種被動寫法。以人作主詞的寫法較常見。

It is said that / be said to 與 get 被動

• 搭配引述動詞 say, believe, expect, report, think, know, consider, estimate：It + is + V3 + that + 子句，或 S + is + V3 + to V（同一時間）／to have V3（先前發生）。
• 口語中用 get + V3 取代 be，強調變化或突發的事：get promoted, get paid, get hired, get delayed, get damaged。

多益常考的 be + V3 + 介系詞片語

許多被動片語已成為固定搭配，後面接特定的介系詞。在 Part 5 看到下列動詞時，答案幾乎一定是 be + V3 形式，題目也常考後面該接哪個介系詞。

• 注意 be committed to, be entitled to 裡的 to 是介系詞，後面接名詞或 V-ing，不接原形動詞：committed to providing，而不是 committed to provide。

不用被動的動詞

• 不及物動詞沒有受詞，所以沒有被動：happen, occur, take place, arrive, depart, rise, fall, emerge, appear, disappear, exist, remain, last, result in, consist of。
• 有些狀態動詞雖有受詞，但幾乎不用被動：have（擁有）, resemble, lack, fit, suit。
• 區分成對的動詞：rise（不及物）– raise（及物，有被動：Prices were raised）；lie – lay；fall – drop（drop 兩種用法皆可）。

常見錯誤

練習題（附解答）

1. 1.The annual report ------- to all shareholders next week.

   1. (A) will be sent
   2. (B) sends
   3. (C) will send
   4. (D) is sending
   查看解答與解析

   答案: (A) will be sent

   報告是被寄出（不會自己寄），空格後沒有受詞，且有 next week → 未來被動式 will be sent。其餘選項都是主動式。

2. 2.Ms. Wong ------- the new safety guidelines to all staff yesterday.

   1. (A) was explained
   2. (B) is explained
   3. (C) explained
   4. (D) has been explained
   查看解答與解析

   答案: (C) explained

   主詞 Ms. Wong 執行動作，且有受詞 the new safety guidelines → 主動過去式 explained（yesterday）。各個被動式都不對。

3. 3.Your order is currently ------- by our warehouse staff and will be shipped tomorrow.

   1. (A) packing
   2. (B) been packed
   3. (C) being packed
   4. (D) pack
   查看解答與解析

   答案: (C) being packed

   訂單正在被倉儲人員包裝（currently ... by our warehouse staff）→ 進行式被動 being packed（is being packed）。packing 是主動，不能搭配 by + 執行者；been packed 前面需要 have/has，不能接在 is 之後；pack 不能放在 is 之後。

4. 4.The contract must ------- by both parties before the work begins.

   1. (A) be signed
   2. (B) sign
   3. (C) signing
   4. (D) signed
   查看解答與解析

   答案: (A) be signed

   情態動詞的被動式：modal + be + V3 → must be signed。must sign 是主動式，must signed/must signing 結構錯誤。

5. 5.Since the merger was announced, more than 200 employees ------- to the Denver office.

   1. (A) have reassigned
   2. (B) were reassigned
   3. (C) have been reassigned
   4. (D) are reassigning
   查看解答與解析

   答案: (C) have been reassigned

   Since the merger was announced → 現在完成式；員工是被調派的 → have been reassigned。were reassigned 與 since 的時態不符；have reassigned、are reassigning 是主動，缺少受詞。

6. 6.The annual shareholders' meeting ------- at the Grand Harbor Hotel next May, according to the company's website.

   1. (A) will be taken place
   2. (B) will take place
   3. (C) is taken place
   4. (D) has been taken place
   查看解答與解析

   答案: (B) will take place

   take place 是不及物動詞，不能用被動；時間標記為 next May → will take place。will be taken place、is taken place、has been taken place 都錯在把不及物動詞改成被動。

7. 7.Ms. Delacroix ------- a full scholarship by the Weston Foundation to complete her MBA in Chicago.

   1. (A) awarded
   2. (B) has awarded
   3. (C) awarding
   4. (D) was awarded
   查看解答與解析

   答案: (D) was awarded

   Delacroix 女士是被 by the Weston Foundation 授予獎學金的人；第二個受詞 a full scholarship 仍留在後面 → was awarded。awarded、has awarded 是主動；awarding 不能當主要動詞。

8. 8.All rooms on the executive floor ------- with adjustable desks and video-conferencing systems.

   1. (A) equip
   2. (B) are equipped
   3. (C) are equipping
   4. (D) equipping
   查看解答與解析

   答案: (B) are equipped

   片語 be equipped with（配備有）→ are equipped。equip、are equipping 是主動，缺少受詞；equipping 不能當主要動詞。

9. 9.It ------- by industry analysts that online grocery sales will double within the next five years.

   1. (A) estimates
   2. (B) is estimating
   3. (C) is estimated
   4. (D) has estimated
   查看解答與解析

   答案: (C) is estimated

   搭配轉述動詞的句型 It + be + V3 + that；有 by industry analysts → is estimated。estimates、is estimating、has estimated 是主動，不能搭配 by + 執行者。

10. 10.Greenfield Logistics is believed ------- its largest competitor in a deal that closed last year.

    1. (A) to acquire
    2. (B) acquiring
    3. (C) having acquired
    4. (D) to have acquired
    查看解答與解析

    答案: (D) to have acquired

    當事件發生在說話時間點之前，用 S + be believed + to have V3；交易已在 last year 完成 → to have acquired。to acquire 表示同時發生的事；acquiring、having acquired 不符合 be believed 後面的句型。

常見問題