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子句與複合句中級

連接詞

Conjunctions

對等連接詞 FANBOYS 與逗號規則、both...and、either...or、neither...nor、not only...but also、whether...or 等相關連接詞，以及 as well as、rather than 與平行結構。

編寫：OpenTOEIC更新日期:

練習 60 題

對等連接詞 FANBOYS

for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so 這七個連接詞用來連接兩個對等的成分（單字、片語、獨立子句）。

  • 連接兩個獨立子句 → 在連接詞前加逗號：The flight was delayed, but we arrived in time.
  • 連接兩個單字／片語，或共用同一主詞的兩個動詞 → 不需要逗號：She reviewed the draft and sent it back.
  • 列舉三個以上的項目：A, B, and C（and 前的逗號可加可不加，稱為牛津逗號）。
  • 分號之後不直接用 FANBOYS；也不能只用逗號連接兩個獨立子句（逗號謬誤 comma splice）。
連接詞意思例句
for因為（正式，只連接子句，放在句中）We cancelled the trip, for the budget was cut.
and和、而且Sign the form and return it.
nor也不（nor 之後倒裝）He did not call, nor did he email.
but但是（對比）The room is small but comfortable.
or或者；否則Pay online or by check.
yet然而、卻（出乎意料）Sales rose, yet profits fell.
so所以（結果）The store was closed, so I came back later.

區分 but、although、however 與 so、because、therefore

這三組字意思相近，但詞性不同，所以位置和標點也不同。Part 5 常把三組字同時放進選項，而只有一個字符合題目的標點。

  • 兩個子句之間只需要一個連接詞：不寫 Although prices rose, but demand stayed strong，也不寫 Because the road was closed, so we took a detour。
  • 連接副詞可以插入子句中間，前後用逗號隔開：The figures, however, need to be checked. 連接詞 but 和 so 則不能這樣用。
字詞詞性位置與標點例句
but / yet對等連接詞位於兩個子句之間，接在逗號後Prices rose, but demand stayed strong.
although / even though從屬連接詞放在句首或句中，後面帶一整個子句Although prices rose, demand stayed strong.
however / nevertheless連接副詞接在句號或分號後，後面加逗號Prices rose; however, demand stayed strong.
so對等連接詞位於兩個子句之間，接在逗號後The road was closed, so we took a detour.
because / since從屬連接詞放在表示原因的子句前We took a detour because the road was closed.
therefore / as a result連接副詞接在句號或分號後The road was closed. Therefore, we took a detour.
例句
  • The venue was available on Friday; however, the caterer was not.場地週五有空檔；不過外燴業者沒有。

相關連接詞（correlative conjunctions）

  • 不用 both ... or、either ... nor、neither ... or。
  • neither ... nor 本身已含否定意義，動詞不再加 not。
  • not only 放在句首時要倒裝：Not only did the firm cut costs, but it also increased sales.（見倒裝句單元）。
配對意思動詞依照
both A and BA 和 B 兩者都複數
either A or BA 或 B 其中之一B（最近者）
neither A nor B既不 A 也不 BB（最近者）
not only A but (also) B不僅 A 而且 BB（最近者）
whether A or B無論 A 還是 B；是 A 還是 B—
not A but B不是 A 而是 BB
例句
  • Both the sales team and the marketing team have exceeded their targets.銷售團隊和行銷團隊都已超越目標。
  • Either the manager or her assistants are going to greet the visitors.經理或她的助理們將會迎接訪客。
  • Neither the invoice nor the receipt was attached to the email.發票和收據都沒有附在電子郵件中。
  • The new software is not only faster but also easier to use.新軟體不僅更快，也更容易使用。
  • Whether you travel by train or by plane, the company will cover the cost.無論你搭火車還是飛機，公司都會負擔費用。

複合主詞的主詞與動詞一致

除了上面的相關連接詞，Part 5 也會考其他連接主詞的方式。基本原則：and 把兩個主詞加起來成為複數，而帶有「連同」意思的片語只是附加成分，動詞仍依第一個主詞變化。

  • along with、together with... 等片語通常放在兩個逗號之間。把這部分遮住，就能找到真正的主詞。
  • 以 or/nor 連接的兩個主詞單複數不同時，書面語通常把複數名詞放在後面，讀起來比較自然：Neither the manager nor the assistants are available.
主詞動詞依照例句
A and B複數The director and the treasurer are in Tokyo.
A and B 指同一個人／物單數Our founder and chief executive is retiring.
each / every A and B單數Each desk and chair has a label.
A or BB（最近者）A refund or two vouchers are available.
A along with / together with / in addition to / accompanied by BAThe manager, along with her team, is at the fair.
not A but BBNot the price but the delivery times were the problem.
例句
  • The CEO, together with three board members, is visiting the new plant.執行長與三位董事正在參觀新工廠。

As well as 與 rather than

  • as well as = 以及、連同。連接主詞時，動詞依第一個主詞：The CEO, as well as two directors, is attending. as well as 置於補充片語開頭時，後面接名詞或 V-ing：As well as managing the budget, she trains new staff.
  • rather than = 而不是；前後兩部分必須平行：We decided to lease rather than buy the equipment. 放在句首時通常用 V-ing：Rather than hiring new staff, we outsourced the work.
  • instead of 是介系詞，一律接 N/V-ing：instead of hiring。
例句
  • The package includes airfare as well as hotel accommodation.套裝行程包含機票以及飯店住宿。
  • Please call rather than email if the matter is urgent.如果事情緊急，請打電話而不是寄電子郵件。

平行結構

以連接詞連接的成分必須具有相同的功能和相同的文法形式。

錯誤正確
The job requires planning, organizing, and to report.The job requires planning, organizing, and reporting.
The proposal is detailed and persuasion.The proposal is detailed and persuasive.
She spoke clearly and with confidence and quick.She spoke clearly, confidently, and quickly.
例句
  • Applicants should be reliable, punctual, and flexible.應徵者應該可靠、守時且有彈性。

相關連接詞在句中的位置

使用相關連接詞時，第一個字後面的部分和第二個字後面的部分必須同類：名詞對名詞、介系詞片語對介系詞片語、子句對子句。因此 both、either、neither、not only 的位置取決於被拿來比較的成分。

  • 題目已給出其中一部分時，先看第一個字後面接的是哪一類，再為第二部分選同類的答案：both to reduce paper waste and ___ printing costs → to lower。
  • 兩部分中的動詞時態必須相同：not only reorganized the stockroom but also introduced a new system。
不對稱對稱
She not only speaks French but also Spanish.She speaks not only French but also Spanish.
You can either pay by card or cash.You can pay either by card or in cash.
The plan is both to reduce costs and improving service.The plan is both to reduce costs and to improve service.
Neither the report was finished nor the slides.Neither the report nor the slides were finished.
例句
  • The training is offered both in the morning and in the evening.訓練課程在上午和晚上都有開設。

多益解題技巧

  1. 相關連接詞是 Part 5 的「送分題」：看到 both → 選 and；either → or；neither → nor；not only → but (also)；whether → or (not)。有時題目給後半部，要求選前半部，只要反過來看即可。
  2. 考主詞與動詞一致：both A and B → 複數動詞；either A or B、neither A nor B、not only A but also B → 動詞依 B（最近的名詞）；A as well as B → 依 A。
  3. 平行結構：以 and/or/but 或相關連接詞連接的兩個部分必須是相同詞性形式（V-ing 對 V-ing、形容詞對形容詞、to V 對 to V）。題目常給出其中一部分，要求選另一部分的詞形。
  4. 區分 so（連接詞，以逗號連接兩個子句）與 therefore（副詞，需要句號或分號）：..., so we... 但 ...; therefore, we...。

常見錯誤

錯誤: Neither the director or the manager approved the request.

正確: Neither the director nor the manager approved the request.

neither 搭配 nor。

錯誤: Both the CEO and the CFO is attending the summit.

正確: Both the CEO and the CFO are attending the summit.

both ... and 一律用複數動詞。

錯誤: The manager as well as his assistants are on leave.

正確: The manager as well as his assistants is on leave.

使用 as well as 時，動詞依第一個主詞。

錯誤: The new system is efficient and saving money.

正確: The new system is efficient and economical.

以 and 連接的兩部分必須平行（形容詞對形容詞）。

練習題（附解答）

  1. 1.Both the sales team ------- the marketing department exceeded their targets this quarter.

    1. (A) or
    2. (B) and
    3. (C) nor
    4. (D) but
    查看解答與解析

    答案: (B) and

    固定搭配的相關連接詞 both ... and。不用 both ... or/nor/but。

  2. 2.Neither the invoice ------- the packing slip was included in the shipment.

    1. (A) or
    2. (B) nor
    3. (C) and
    4. (D) but
    查看解答與解析

    答案: (B) nor

    neither 搭配 nor。neither ... or 是常見錯誤；and/but 不能與 neither 搭配。

  3. 3.The new scheduling software is not only faster ------- easier to use than the old system.

    1. (A) but also
    2. (B) and also
    3. (C) or also
    4. (D) as well
    查看解答與解析

    答案: (A) but also

    not only ... but also 是固定搭配。and also、or also、as well 不能與 not only 搭配。

  4. 4.The job requires planning events, negotiating with vendors, and ------- budgets.

    1. (A) to manage
    2. (B) manage
    3. (C) managing
    4. (D) management
    查看解答與解析

    答案: (C) managing

    平行結構：前兩個成分是 V-ing（planning、negotiating）→ managing。to manage/manage 破壞平行結構；management 是名詞，不能接受詞 budgets。

  5. 5.The CEO, as well as two senior directors, ------- attending the trade fair in Milan.

    1. (A) are
    2. (B) were
    3. (C) is
    4. (D) have
    查看解答與解析

    答案: (C) is

    使用 as well as 時，動詞依第一個主詞（The CEO，單數）變化 → is。are/were 依 directors 變化是陷阱；have 在此不能搭配 attending。

  6. 6.Either the regional managers or the director ------- the final hiring decision.

    1. (A) make
    2. (B) are making
    3. (C) have made
    4. (D) makes
    查看解答與解析

    答案: (D) makes

    either A or B → 動詞依 B（最接近的名詞 the director，單數）變化 → makes。make、are making、have made 都是複數變化。

  7. 7.The flight was delayed due to fog, ------- the delegation arrived after the opening speech.

    1. (A) therefore
    2. (B) because
    3. (C) so
    4. (D) however
    查看解答與解析

    答案: (C) so

    在逗號後連接兩個獨立子句，表示結果 → 連接詞 so。therefore/however 是副詞，需要句號或分號；because 語意錯誤（因果顛倒）。

  8. 8.We have decided to lease the equipment rather than ------- it outright.

    1. (A) buys
    2. (B) buy
    3. (C) bought
    4. (D) to buying
    查看解答與解析

    答案: (B) buy

    rather than 連接與 to lease 平行的部分 → 用原形 buy（to 被省略）。buys 是有人稱變化的動詞，bought 是過去式，to buying 不是原形，都會破壞平行結構。

  9. 9.------- you travel by train or by plane, the company will reimburse your fare.

    1. (A) Either
    2. (B) Both
    3. (C) Neither
    4. (D) Whether
    查看解答與解析

    答案: (D) Whether

    句首的子句意為「無論 A 或 B」→ whether ... or。Either 只能連接兩個成分，不能引導條件子句；Both 搭配 and；Neither 搭配 nor。

  10. 10.The caterer arrived an hour late; -------, the luncheon started on schedule.

    1. (A) nevertheless
    2. (B) but
    3. (C) yet
    4. (D) although
    查看解答與解析

    答案: (A) nevertheless

    ; ___ , + 子句的句型只適用於連接副詞 → nevertheless。but、yet 不會放在分號後再加逗號；although 必須緊接在子句之前。

練習題

60 題 Part 5 題型，一次一題，每題作答後立即附上解析。

開始練習

常見問題

FANBOYS 是什麼？

FANBOYS 是記住七個對等連接詞的口訣：for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so。它們連接兩個對等的成分：兩個單字、兩個片語或兩個獨立子句。連接兩個獨立子句時，要在連接詞前加逗號：The store was closed, so I came back later.

"and" 前面需要加逗號嗎？

要看連接的是什麼。連接兩個各有主詞的獨立子句 → 加逗號：Ms. Lee wrote the report, and Mr. Park checked it. 連接共用主詞的兩個動詞或兩個單字 → 不需要：Ms. Lee wrote and checked the report. 列舉三個以上的項目時，and 前的逗號（牛津逗號）可加可不加。

"Neither...nor" 要用單數還是複數動詞？

動詞依最靠近的名詞，也就是 nor 後面的名詞：Neither the invoice nor the receipts were attached，但 Neither the receipts nor the invoice was attached。這個規則也適用於 either...or 和 not only...but also。只有 both...and 一律用複數。

"Not only...but also" 一定要有 "also" 嗎？

不一定。可以寫 not only A but B 或 not only A but B as well，also 也可以放在第二部分的主詞後面：Not only did the firm cut costs, but it also increased sales. 必須做到的是配對完整、兩部分平行。not only 放在句首時，前半部要倒裝。

"As well as" 和 "and" 有什麼不同？

A and B 作主詞時用複數動詞。A as well as B 把 B 視為附加資訊，所以動詞依 A 變化：The CEO as well as two directors is attending. as well as 後面接名詞；整個片語放在句首時接 V-ing：As well as managing the budget, she trains new staff.

"So" 和 "therefore" 有什麼不同？

so 是對等連接詞，在同一個句子裡、逗號之後連接兩個子句：It rained, so the event moved indoors. therefore 是副詞，前面需要句號或分號，後面通常加逗號：It rained; therefore, the event moved indoors. 寫成 It rained, therefore the event moved indoors 就犯了逗號謬誤（comma splice）。