子句與複合句中級

副詞子句與連接語

Q: "Although" 和 "despite" 有什麼不同？

意思相同（雖然、儘管），詞性不同。although 是連接詞，後面接 S + V 子句：Although the train was late, ...。despite / in spite of 是介系詞，後面接名詞或 V-ing：Despite the late train, ...、Despite arriving late, ...。如果要讓 despite 接子句，就加上 the fact that。

Q: "However" 可以當 "but" 用嗎？

意思上相近，但 however 是副詞，不能像 but 那樣只用逗號連接兩個子句。要寫 Sales fell. However, profits rose. 或 Sales fell; however, profits rose.，不寫 Sales fell, however profits rose. however 也可以放在句中：Profits, however, rose.

Q: "Because" 和 "because of" 有什麼不同？

because + 子句（because it rained）；because of + 名詞（because of the rain）。due to、owing to、on account of、thanks to 也都是接名詞的介系詞。考題中，空格後若有變化時態的動詞 → because/since/as；若只有名詞片語 → because of/due to。

Q: 為什麼 "when" 和 "as soon as" 後面不接 will？

在表示時間和條件的副詞子句中，英文用現在式來表達未來：I will call you as soon as the shipment arrives（不寫 will arrive）。若要強調動作先完成，則用現在完成式：Once you have signed the form, ...。will 只放在主要子句。

Q: "So that" 和 "in order to" 有什麼不同？

兩者都表示目的。in order to / so as to + 原形動詞，用於前後主詞相同時：We worked late in order to finish the report. so that + 子句，通常搭配 can/could/will/would，前後主詞不同時也可以用：We sent the files early so that the client could review them. 否定形式：in order not to、so as not to。

Adverbial clauses and linking words

區分「從屬連接詞 + 子句」、「介系詞 + 名詞／V-ing」與「連接副詞」在表達對比、原因、目的、結果、時間、條件時的用法；以及 Part 6 的標點規則。

編寫：OpenTOEIC更新日期: 2026年10月18日

練習 60 題

總表：連接詞、介系詞、副詞

這三類詞意思可能相同，文法卻完全不同。掌握這張表，就能解出大部分連接語的題目。

可以用 the fact that 讓介系詞接子句：despite the fact that sales fell、due to the fact that...。
before, after, since, until 既是連接詞也是介系詞。

語意	連接詞 + S + V	介系詞 + N / V-ing	副詞 + 新句子
對比	although, even though, though, while, whereas	despite, in spite of, notwithstanding	however, nevertheless, nonetheless, even so, on the other hand
原因	because, since, as, now that	because of, due to, owing to, on account of, thanks to	（無；用 For this reason）
結果	so (that), so + adj + that, such + N + that	—	therefore, consequently, as a result, thus, accordingly
目的	so that, in order that	in order to, so as to + V; for + N	—
時間	when, while, as soon as, once, until, before, after, by the time, since	during, before, after, until, by, since, upon + V-ing	meanwhile, afterward(s), then, subsequently, previously
條件	if, unless, provided that, as long as, in case	in case of, in the event of, without, but for	otherwise
補充	—	in addition to, besides, along with + N/V-ing	in addition, moreover, furthermore, besides, also
替代	—	instead of + N/V-ing	instead

對比與原因

although / even though / though + 子句；even though 語氣更強。Though 也可以放在句尾當副詞：It was expensive. It was worth it, though.
while / whereas 對照兩件事：Our Paris office is large, whereas the Rome office is small.
despite / in spite of + N/V-ing；不用 *despite of*。
because / since / as + 子句；當原因已經明顯時，since/as 常放在句首。now that = 既然（新的情況）。
because of / due to / owing to + N。due to 也可以放在 be 之後：The delay was due to bad weather.

例句

Although the venue was booked months ago, the organizers had to change it.雖然場地幾個月前就已預訂，主辦單位仍不得不更換。
Despite rising fuel costs, the airline kept its fares unchanged.儘管燃料成本上漲，航空公司仍維持票價不變。
Now that the merger is complete, the two teams will share one office.既然合併已經完成，兩個團隊將共用一間辦公室。
The concert was postponed due to technical problems.音樂會因技術問題而延期。

目的與結果

so that / in order that + S + can/could/will/would + Vin order to / so as to + V (否定: in order not to / so as not to + V)S + V + so + adj/adv + that + S + VS + V + such + (a/an) + (adj) + N + that + S + V

so + many/much/few/little + N + that：There were so many applicants that we extended the deadline.
區分 so that（為了——目的）與 , so（所以——結果）。

例句

We sent the files early so that the client could review them before the meeting.我們提早寄出檔案，好讓客戶能在會議前審閱。
The staff work overtime in order to meet the year-end deadline.員工加班以趕上年底的截止期限。
The presentation was so convincing that the investors agreed immediately.簡報非常有說服力，投資人立刻就同意了。
It was such a busy week that nobody took a lunch break.那一週忙到沒有人休息吃午餐。

時間

when（當…時）、while（在…期間——持續的動作）、as（當…時、正當）。
as soon as / once = 一…就、一旦；until / till = 直到；before / after。
by the time + 現在簡單式 → 主要子句通常用未來完成式；+ 過去簡單式 → 主要子句用過去完成式：By the time we arrived, the meeting had started.
表示未來的時間子句：不用 will——when the report is ready（不是 *will be ready*）。
since + 過去的時間點，主要子句用現在完成式：Sales have improved since we launched the app.

例句

Please call me as soon as the shipment arrives.貨物一到請馬上打電話給我。
By the time the new manager starts, we will have finished the audit.等新經理上任時，我們將已經完成稽核。

副詞子句的簡化

當副詞子句與主要子句的主詞相同時，可以省略副詞子句中的主詞（和 be 動詞），保留連接詞。這種簡化形式在說明、公告以及 Part 5 中都很常見。

只有兩個子句主詞相同時才能簡化。While waiting for the bus, my phone rang 是錯的，因為等公車的人不是手機。
在 before, after, since, while, when 之後，主動意義用 V-ing；在 once, unless, until, if, when 之後，被動意義可直接用 V3：Once completed, the form should be returned to HR.
because 和 so that 通常不這樣簡化；想讓句子更簡潔，就改用介系詞：because of the delay。

完整形式	簡化形式	說明
Before you leave the building, ...	Before leaving the building, ...	主動 → V-ing
While she was waiting for the bus, ...	While waiting for the bus, ...	省略 S + be
After it was approved, the plan ...	After being approved, ... / Once approved, ...	被動 → being V3 或 V3
When you receive the package, ...	Upon receiving the package, ...	upon/on + V-ing = 一…就
Although he was tired, ...	Although tired, ...	保留形容詞
If it is necessary, ...	If necessary, ...	固定片語

例句

Before submitting your expense report, please attach all original receipts.提交費用報告之前，請附上所有原始收據。
Once approved, the new policy will apply to all branches.新政策一經核准，將適用於所有分店。

容易混淆的連接詞組

until 和 by 是最容易混淆的一組：持續性動詞（stay, remain, be open, wait）搭配 until；完成性動詞（submit, finish, arrive, return）搭配 by。

字組	區分	例句
during / while	during + N；while + 子句或 V-ing	during the meeting / while the meeting was running
until / by	until：動作持續到某個時間點；by：動作在該時間點之前或當下完成	The store is open until 9. / Submit it by Friday.
since（因為）/ since（自從）	自從：主要子句用現在完成式；因為：任何時態都可以	Since the room is busy, we will meet upstairs.
as（因為）/ as（當…時）	看整句的意思；as + N 也可以是介系詞，意思是「作為」	As the manager was away, I signed the form.
in case / in case of	in case + 子句（以防）；in case of + N（遇到、萬一發生）	in case it rains / in case of fire
once / when	once 強調「一旦這件事完成」；when 較為中性	Once you have signed, we will ship the order.

例句

Please remain in your seats until the plane has come to a complete stop.在飛機完全停妥之前，請留在座位上。
All timesheets must be submitted by 5 p.m. on Friday.所有工時表必須在週五下午 5 點前提交。

Part 6 的連接副詞與標點

連接副詞（conjunctive adverbs）不能用逗號連接兩個子句。它們放在新句子的開頭或分號之後，後面接逗號。

子句1. However, 子句2.子句1; however, 子句2.S, however, + V ... (插在句中)

副詞	與前一句的關係
However, Nevertheless	相反、儘管前面所說
Therefore, Consequently, As a result	前面所說的結果
In addition, Moreover, Furthermore, Besides	補充同方向的論點
For example, For instance	舉例說明
Otherwise	若不照前面所說去做，就…
Meanwhile, In the meantime	在此期間、同一時間
Instead	取代前面所說（通常接在否定句之後）
In fact, Indeed	強調、補充更有力的細節
Similarly, Likewise	同樣地
Afterward, Subsequently	之後

例句

The renovation will take three weeks. In the meantime, staff will work from the second floor.整修將需要三週。在此期間，員工將在二樓工作。
The client did not want a refund; instead, she asked for a replacement.客戶不想退款；相反地，她要求更換商品。
Please register by Friday. Otherwise, we cannot guarantee you a seat.請在週五前登記。否則我們無法保證您有座位。

多益解題技巧

這是 Part 5 題數最多的一類。題目常給 4 個意思相同的選項（although / despite / however / even），只有一個文法正確。別急著翻譯——先看空格後面：有 S + V → 連接詞（although、because）；只有名詞／V-ing → 介系詞（despite、because of、due to）；位於新句子開頭，後面接逗號 + 子句 → 副詞（however、therefore）。
當多個選項文法都正確時，再考慮語意：對比、原因還是結果。例如 ___ the rain, the event was held outdoors → 對比 → Despite。
Part 6 有選句首連接副詞的題目（___, the store will close early on Friday.）。閱讀前一句來判斷關係：補充（In addition、Moreover）、對比（However）、結果（Therefore、As a result）、舉例（For example）、替代（Instead）、同時（Meanwhile）。
表示未來的時間子句與條件子句用現在簡單式／現在完成式，不用 will：as soon as the package arrives、once you have signed。

常見錯誤

錯誤: Despite the train was late, we arrived on time.

正確: Although the train was late, we arrived on time. / Despite the late train, we arrived on time.

despite 是介系詞，不能接子句。

錯誤: The event was cancelled because of it rained heavily.

正確: The event was cancelled because it rained heavily.

because + 子句；because of + 名詞。

錯誤: Sales dropped, however, the company remained profitable.

正確: Sales dropped; however, the company remained profitable.

however 是副詞，前面需要句號或分號。

錯誤: I will email you when I will receive the contract.

正確: I will email you when I receive the contract.

表示未來的時間子句用現在簡單式。

錯誤: He studied hard in order to not fail the exam.

正確: He studied hard in order not to fail the exam.

否定：in order not to / so as not to。

練習題（附解答）

1.------- the heavy rain, the outdoor product launch went ahead as planned.
1. (A) Although
2. (B) Despite
3. (C) However
4. (D) Because
查看解答與解析
答案: (B) Despite
空格後只有名詞片語 the heavy rain，且表示對比 → 介系詞 Despite。Although/Because 需要 S + V 的子句；However 是副詞。
2.------- the venue was booked months in advance, the organizers had to move the event.
1. (A) Despite
2. (B) Although
3. (C) In spite of
4. (D) Nevertheless
查看解答與解析
答案: (B) Although
空格後是子句 the venue was booked → 表對比的連接詞 Although。Despite/In spite of 是介系詞，需接 N/V-ing；Nevertheless 是副詞，不能連接兩個子句。
3.Several flights were canceled ------- a strike by ground crew at the airport.
1. (A) because of
2. (B) because
3. (C) now that
4. (D) although
查看解答與解析
答案: (A) because of
空格後只有名詞片語 a strike by ground crew → 介系詞 because of。because、now that、although 是連接詞，需接有 S + V 的子句。
4.Please call Mr. Ito ------- the shipment arrives at the warehouse.
1. (A) during
2. (B) by
3. (C) as soon as
4. (D) meanwhile
查看解答與解析
答案: (C) as soon as
後面接的是子句 the shipment arrives → 時間連接詞 as soon as（注意：表示未來的時間子句用現在簡單式）。during/by 是介系詞；meanwhile 是副詞。
5.Sales dropped sharply in the first quarter; -------, the company remained profitable.
1. (A) although
2. (B) despite
3. (C) because
4. (D) nevertheless
查看解答與解析
答案: (D) nevertheless
位於分號之後、逗號之前 → 連接句子的副詞；表示對比 → nevertheless。although/because 是連接詞，despite 是介系詞，都不能放在這個位置。
6.We sent the documents early ------- the client could review them before the meeting.
1. (A) in order to
2. (B) so as to
3. (C) because of
4. (D) so that
查看解答與解析
答案: (D) so that
表示目的，後接子句 the client could review them → so that。in order to、so as to 必須接原形動詞；because of 表示原因，且需接名詞。
7.By the time the new director arrives next month, we ------- the annual audit.
1. (A) finished
2. (B) had finished
3. (C) have finished
4. (D) will have finished
查看解答與解析
答案: (D) will have finished
By the time + 現在簡單式（表示未來，next month）→ 主要子句用未來完成式：will have finished。had finished 搭配 by the time + 過去簡單式。
8.The presentation was ------- convincing that the investors agreed to the deal immediately.
1. (A) so
2. (B) such
3. (C) very
4. (D) too
查看解答與解析
答案: (A) so
so + adj + that + S + V 句型（……到……的程度）→ so。such 搭配名詞；very 和 too 不能搭配表示結果的 that。
9.The store will remain closed ------- the renovation work is completed.
1. (A) during
2. (B) by
3. (C) until
4. (D) meanwhile
查看解答與解析
答案: (C) until
後面接子句，意為「直到……為止」→ until（既是連接詞也是介系詞）。during/by 只是介系詞，需接名詞；meanwhile 是副詞。
10.Please confirm your attendance by Friday. -------, we will offer your seat to someone on the waiting list.
1. (A) Unless
2. (B) In case
3. (C) Otherwise
4. (D) If
查看解答與解析
答案: (C) Otherwise
新句子開頭，後接逗號 + 子句 → 連接副詞 Otherwise（否則）。Unless、In case、If 是連接詞，必須緊接子句，不能單獨放在逗號前。

練習題

60 題 Part 5 題型，一次一題，每題作答後立即附上解析。

開始練習

常見問題

什麼是副詞子句？

副詞子句是以從屬連接詞（although, because, when, so that, if...）開頭的從屬子句，為主要子句補充時間、原因、目的、對比或條件等資訊。它可以放在主要子句前面（加逗號）或後面（通常不需要逗號）：Although sales fell, profits rose. / Profits rose although sales fell.

"Although" 和 "despite" 有什麼不同？

意思相同（雖然、儘管），詞性不同。although 是連接詞，後面接 S + V 子句：Although the train was late, ...。despite / in spite of 是介系詞，後面接名詞或 V-ing：Despite the late train, ...、Despite arriving late, ...。如果要讓 despite 接子句，就加上 the fact that。

"However" 可以當 "but" 用嗎？

意思上相近，但 however 是副詞，不能像 but 那樣只用逗號連接兩個子句。要寫 Sales fell. However, profits rose. 或 Sales fell; however, profits rose.，不寫 Sales fell, however profits rose. however 也可以放在句中：Profits, however, rose.

"Because" 和 "because of" 有什麼不同？

because + 子句（because it rained）；because of + 名詞（because of the rain）。due to、owing to、on account of、thanks to 也都是接名詞的介系詞。考題中，空格後若有變化時態的動詞 → because/since/as；若只有名詞片語 → because of/due to。

為什麼 "when" 和 "as soon as" 後面不接 will？

在表示時間和條件的副詞子句中，英文用現在式來表達未來：I will call you as soon as the shipment arrives（不寫 will arrive）。若要強調動作先完成，則用現在完成式：Once you have signed the form, ...。will 只放在主要子句。

"So that" 和 "in order to" 有什麼不同？

兩者都表示目的。in order to / so as to + 原形動詞，用於前後主詞相同時：We worked late in order to finish the report. so that + 子句，通常搭配 can/could/will/would，前後主詞不同時也可以用：We sent the files early so that the client could review them. 否定形式：in order not to、so as not to。