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子句與複合句進階

願望句與假設語氣

Wishes and the subjunctive

使用 wish/if only 的願望句、it is time、would rather、as if/as though 等結構，以及 recommend、suggest、require、It is essential that... 之後接原形動詞的假設語氣。

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練習 60 題

Wish 與 if only

願望句表達與事實相反的願望。wish 之後的動詞往前退一個時態。If only 意思和 wish 相同，但語氣更強烈、更有感情。

  • 不用 I wish I would...，因為不能用這種方式抱怨自己；要用 I wish I could...。
  • 祝福某人時用 wish + sb + N（We wish you every success）；表達未來真正可能實現的期望時用 hope：I hope the shipment arrives tomorrow.
願望的時間結構例句
現在S + wish + S + 過去簡單式（be → were）I wish I had more time.
過去S + wish + S + had + V3I wish I had read the contract.
現在的能力S + wish + S + could + VI wish I could attend.
希望他人或事物改變（抱怨）S + wish + 另一主詞 + would + VI wish the printer would work.
例句
  • I wish our office were closer to the train station.真希望我們的辦公室離火車站近一點。
  • The manager wishes she had hired more staff before the holiday season.經理真希望自己在假期旺季前多聘了一些員工。
  • If only the supplier would reply to our emails!要是供應商肯回覆我們的電子郵件就好了！

It's (high) time、would rather、as if/as though

  • It's time / It's high time + S + 過去簡單式：早該做了（本來早就該做）。或 It's time + to V（一般說法）。
  • would rather + 原形動詞 (+ than + V)：主詞本身比較想做某事：I would rather take the train.
  • would rather + 另一主詞 + 過去簡單式：希望別人在現在或未來做某事：I would rather you sent it today. 指過去時：would rather + S + had + V3。
  • as if / as though + 過去簡單式 用於不是事實的情況：He talks as if he were the owner. 當情況可能為真時用現在式：It looks as if it is going to rain.
例句
  • It's high time we updated our website.我們早該更新網站了。
  • I'd rather you didn't share these figures outside the team.我希望你不要把這些數據分享到團隊以外。
  • He described the plan as if it had already been approved.他描述那個計畫的樣子，好像它已經被核准了一樣。

wish、if only、would rather、as if 之後的動詞時態總整理

這些假設結構都會退一個時態，表示所說的內容並非事實。只要判斷意思是在講現在還是過去，就能選出時態。

  • 時間詞有助於快速作答：now, currently, this year → 過去簡單式；yesterday, last month, before the meeting → 過去完成式。
  • if only 後面的另一半句通常會透露時間：If only we had booked earlier, we could have reserved the larger room. 後半句用 could have + V3，所以 if only 那一半也是在講過去。
  • hope 不退時態，因為談的是可能發生的事：I hope the client likes the design.
結構與現在／未來事實相反與過去事實相反
wish / if only過去簡單式：I wish the office were bigger.過去完成式：I wish we had ordered more.
would rather + 另一主詞過去簡單式：I'd rather you called first.過去完成式：I'd rather you had called first.
as if / as though過去簡單式：He acts as if he were the owner.過去完成式：She spoke as if she had seen the report.
it's (high) time + S過去簡單式：It's time we left.不使用
例句
  • The sales team wishes the new catalog had been printed before the trade show.業務團隊真希望新型錄能在展覽前就印好。

動詞之後的假設語氣

在表示要求、建議、推薦的動詞 + that 之後，that 子句中的動詞不論人稱、不論主要動詞的時態，一律用不加 to 的原形。這是美式英語的標準，也是多益考的形式。（英式英語可用 should + V，同樣正確。）

S + recommend / suggest / request / require / insist / propose / ask / demand / urge / advise + that + S + 原形動詞否定: that + S + not + V被動: that + S + be + V3
例句
  • The auditor recommended that the company review its expense policy.稽核人員建議公司重新檢視其費用政策。
  • Ms. Patel requested that the meeting be moved to Thursday.Patel 女士要求將會議改到週四。
  • The landlord insists that every tenant not park in the loading area.房東堅持要求所有房客不得在裝卸區停車。

形容詞與名詞之後的假設語氣

It is + essential / important / imperative / vital / necessary / crucial / mandatory / advisable + that + S + 原形動詞N (recommendation / request / requirement / suggestion / proposal) + that + S + 原形動詞
例句
  • It is essential that every employee complete the safety training by June 30.每位員工都必須在 6 月 30 日前完成安全訓練。
  • It is imperative that the documents be signed before the shipment leaves.文件務必在貨物出發前簽署。
  • The board approved the proposal that the branch remain open on Saturdays.董事會通過了分店週六繼續營業的提案。

that 子句什麼時候不用假設語氣

並不是只要有 that 就用原形動詞。只有當前面的動詞、形容詞或名詞帶有要求、建議、必要的意思時，才會出現假設語氣。如果它們只是陳述看法、可能性或事實，that 子句就照一般時態變化。

  • 表示可能性或明確性的形容詞，如 likely, possible, clear, obvious, true, certain，不接假設語氣。
  • 表示資訊的名詞，如 news, fact, report, belief，接一般時態的 that 子句；表示要求的名詞，如 request, requirement, recommendation, proposal，才用原形動詞。
  • 主詞是單數，而選項中同時有加 -s 的形式和原形時，請回頭看 that 前面的字是哪一種意思。
要求的意思 → 原形動詞陳述的意思 → 一般時態
It is essential that the form be signed.It is likely that the form will be signed today.
It is important that he attend.It is clear that he attended the meeting.
The manager suggested that we hire a consultant.（建議）The survey suggests that customers prefer online ordering.（顯示）
She insisted that the client pay a deposit.（要求）She insisted that she had paid the deposit.（堅稱）
the requirement that every visitor wear a badgethe news that the company is expanding
例句
  • The report suggests that demand for electric vans is rising.報告顯示電動廂型車的需求正在增加。
  • It is possible that the order will arrive a day early.訂單有可能提早一天送達。

容易混淆的句型比較

注意：insist that 只是堅稱某件事實時，子句用一般時態（He insisted that he had sent the email = 他堅稱已經寄出），不是要求。

動詞正確錯誤
suggestsuggest that he go / suggest going*suggest him to go*
recommendrecommend that she apply / recommend applying*recommend that she applies*（在多益中）
requirerequire that all staff wear / require staff to wear*require that all staff wears*
askask that he call / ask him to call*ask that he calls*
insistinsist that he pay / insist on paying*insist to pay*

多益解題技巧

  1. 最常考的句型：recommend / request / require / suggest / insist / ask / propose / demand that + S + ___ → 選原形動詞（be、submit、attend），即使主詞是第三人稱單數也一樣。干擾選項通常是 -s 形、will + V 或 to V。
  2. 形容詞也一樣：It is essential / important / imperative / vital / necessary / mandatory that + S + 原形動詞。被動：be + V3（that all forms be signed）；否定：not + V（that he not be late）。
  3. 區分句型：suggest / recommend + V-ing 或 + that S + 原形動詞；suggest 絕不接 `sb to V`（不說 *suggest him to go*）。相反地，ask / require / advise / request + sb + to V 是正確的。
  4. 看到 wish 而後面的動詞是過去完成式 → 表示對過去的遺憾；It is time we ___ 的空格 → 過去簡單式。

常見錯誤

錯誤: The director suggested that Mr. Kim attends the conference.

正確: The director suggested that Mr. Kim attend the conference.

suggest that 之後不論人稱都用原形動詞。

錯誤: It is important that all receipts are submitted by Friday.

正確: It is important that all receipts be submitted by Friday.

被動假設語氣：be + V3。

錯誤: I wish I have more experience in marketing.

正確: I wish I had more experience in marketing.

與現在事實相反的願望要退回過去簡單式。

錯誤: It's time we leave for the airport.

正確: It's time we left for the airport.

It's time + S 之後用過去簡單式。

錯誤: She suggested me to contact the vendor.

正確: She suggested that I contact the vendor.

suggest 不接受詞 + to V。

練習題（附解答）

  1. 1.The auditor recommended that the company ------- its travel expense policy.

    1. (A) reviewing
    2. (B) will review
    3. (C) to review
    4. (D) review
    查看解答與解析

    答案: (D) review

    recommend that + S + 原形動詞（假設語氣）→ review，即使主詞是單數也一樣。reviewing 和 to review 不能當 that 子句的主要動詞；will review 不用於假設語氣。

  2. 2.It is essential that every visitor ------- a badge while inside the laboratory.

    1. (A) wear
    2. (B) to wear
    3. (C) wore
    4. (D) wearing
    查看解答與解析

    答案: (A) wear

    It is essential that + S + 原形動詞 → wear，即使主詞 every visitor 為單數。wore 是過去式的時態動詞，而假設語氣不做時態變化；to wear 和 wearing 不能當 that 子句的主要動詞。

  3. 3.Ms. Patel requested that the quarterly meeting ------- to Thursday afternoon.

    1. (A) to move
    2. (B) be moved
    3. (C) been moved
    4. (D) moving
    查看解答與解析

    答案: (B) be moved

    request that 後用假設語氣；會議是被改期的 → 被動 be + V3：be moved。to move 和 moving 不能當主要動詞；been moved 在 been 前缺少助動詞。

  4. 4.Mr. Gomez wishes he ------- the contract more carefully before signing it last month.

    1. (A) reads
    2. (B) had read
    3. (C) has read
    4. (D) would read
    查看解答與解析

    答案: (B) had read

    與過去事實相反的願望（last month）→ wish + S + had + V3：had read。reads 和 has read 在 wish 後沒有退一個時態；would read 無法表達上個月已發生的事。

  5. 5.It's high time we ------- our customer database; some records are ten years old.

    1. (A) updated
    2. (B) updating
    3. (C) will update
    4. (D) have updated
    查看解答與解析

    答案: (A) updated

    It's high time + S + 簡單過去式 → updated。updating 不能在主詞 we 之後當主要動詞；will update 和 have updated 不用於此句型。

  6. 6.I'd rather you ------- the draft to the client until the legal team has reviewed it.

    1. (A) sending
    2. (B) not to send
    3. (C) didn't send
    4. (D) won't send
    查看解答與解析

    答案: (C) didn't send

    would rather + 他人 + 簡單過去式 表達對現在／未來的希望 → 否定為 didn't send。sending 和 not to send 不能在主詞 you 之後當主要動詞；won't send 在 would rather 後沒有退一個時態。

  7. 7.The consultant suggested ------- the product launch until the spring trade show.

    1. (A) to postpone
    2. (B) postponing
    3. (C) postpone
    4. (D) postponed
    查看解答與解析

    答案: (B) postponing

    suggest + V-ing（或 suggest that + S + V）→ postponing。suggest 不接 to V；postpone/postponed 不能直接接在 suggest 之後。

  8. 8.Ms. Ortiz wishes she ------- the design conference in Lisbon next week, but she has a client meeting that day.

    1. (A) can attend
    2. (B) attends
    3. (C) could attend
    4. (D) will attend
    查看解答與解析

    答案: (C) could attend

    希望擁有與事實相反的能力（她因為有會議而無法參加）→ wish + S + could + V → could attend。can attend、attends、will attend 都沒有退一個時態。

  9. 9.Mr. Grant always talks about the merger as though he ------- the company's owner.

    1. (A) be
    2. (B) being
    3. (C) been
    4. (D) were
    查看解答與解析

    答案: (D) were

    當內容並非事實（他不是公司老闆）時用 as though + 簡單過去式；be 動詞用 were。be 是原形；being 和 been 不能當主要動詞。

  10. 10.It is vital that the cold-storage doors ------- open for more than a few minutes.

    1. (A) not to be left
    2. (B) not leave
    3. (C) not be left
    4. (D) don't be left
    查看解答與解析

    答案: (C) not be left

    否定的被動假設語氣：that + S + not be + V3 → not be left。don't be left 錯誤，因為假設語氣不使用助動詞 do，只需把 not 放在 be 之前；not to be left 不能當主要動詞；not leave 是主動，語意錯誤。

練習題

60 題 Part 5 題型，一次一題，每題作答後立即附上解析。

開始練習

常見問題

Wish 和 hope 有什麼不同？

hope 談的是可能發生的事，所以保持一般時態：I hope the shipment arrives tomorrow. wish 談的是不是事實或難以實現的事，所以要退時態：I wish the shipment arrived earlier（實際上貨總是晚到）。此外，wish + sb + N 用來祝福：We wish you every success. 不說 I wish the shipment will arrive tomorrow。

"I wish" 之後用 were 還是 was？

正式書面語不論主詞都用 were：I wish I were...、She wishes the office were closer。口語中可能會聽到 was，但考試和商務文件以 were 為優先，和第二類條件句一樣。

什麼是假設語氣（subjunctive）？

假設語氣是一種動詞形式，用來表達需要做、被要求做的事，而不是已經成為事實的事。在現代英語中，最常見的假設語氣是 recommend、suggest、require、It is essential... 之後的 that 子句中不加 to 的原形動詞：We recommend that he submit the form. 動詞不加 -s，也不隨主要動詞的時態改變；否定用 not + V，被動用 be + V3。

為什麼要寫 "suggest that he go"，而不是 "he goes"？

因為 suggest 之後的 that 子句表達的是一個建議，還不是事實，所以用假設語氣：不論人稱都用原形動詞。英式英語也可以寫 suggest that he should go，同樣正確。只有當 suggest 的意思是「顯示」時（The data suggest that sales are falling），才照一般時態變化。

"It's time" 要接 to V 還是過去簡單式？

兩者都正確，但語氣不同。It's time to begin the meeting 只是說該做這件事的時候到了。It's time we began（S + 過去簡單式）則暗示早就該做了，帶點責備的意味；加上 high 可加強語氣：It's high time we updated the website. It's time + S 之後不用現在式。

"Would rather" 怎麼用？

有兩種句型。主詞本身比較想做某事：would rather + 原形動詞 (+ than + V)，例如 I would rather take the train than drive. 希望別人做某事：would rather + 另一主詞 + 過去簡單式，例如 I would rather you sent it today. 談過去則用過去完成式：I would rather you had told me earlier. would rather 之後不接 to V。