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動詞與時態進階

使役動詞

Causatives

Have/get something done、have someone do、get someone to do、make、let、help 以及 keep/leave/find + 受詞，用來表達請人做事、強迫、允許，或使人或事物處於某種狀態。

編寫：OpenTOEIC更新日期:

練習 60 題

Have / get something done

S + have + O (物) + V3S + get + O (物) + V3
  • 請、雇用別人替自己做某事（通常是服務）：維修、印刷、送貨、剪頭髮……
  • get 較口語，有時強調為了完成該事所付出的努力。
  • have/get 像一般動詞一樣依時態變化：We are having the office repainted、She has had her visa renewed。
  • 也用於不愉快的遭遇：He had his luggage stolen at the station.
例句
  • We had the brochures printed by a local company.我們請當地一家公司印製宣傳手冊。
  • You should get the air conditioner checked before summer.你應該在夏天前請人檢查冷氣。
  • The company is having its website redesigned.該公司正在請人重新設計網站。

Have something done 的各種時態、否定句與疑問句

在使役句中，have/get 是主要動詞，所以和其他動詞一樣依時態和主詞變化；後面的 O + V3 部分則保持不變。

  • 否定句和疑問句用助動詞 do/does/did，因為這裡的 have 是一般動詞：Did you have the brakes checked? / We didn't get the invoice corrected in time.
  • 需要說明是誰做的時，可以加上 by + 執行者：We had the logo designed by a freelance artist.
時態例句
現在簡單式We have our carpets cleaned every month.
現在進行式The hotel is having its pool resurfaced.
過去簡單式Ms. Moreno had the contract translated into Spanish.
現在完成式We have just had the alarm system upgraded.
未來式I will have the samples delivered to your office.
情態動詞之後、to V 之後You need to get your badge renewed before May.
例句
  • How often do you have the air filters replaced?你多久請人更換一次空氣濾網？
  • We have never had our equipment inspected by an outside firm.我們從來沒有請外部公司檢查過設備。

Have someone do / get someone to do

結構意思例句
have + O（人）+ V交代、指派某人去做（有權責，通常是工作事務）I will have my assistant call you.
get + O（人）+ to V說服、請得動某人去做We got the supplier to lower the price.
例句
  • The manager had the interns organize the files.經理讓實習生整理檔案。
  • I finally got the landlord to fix the heating.我終於讓房東修好了暖氣。

Make、let、help

  • allow / permit / enable + O + to V 同樣表示允許、使能夠，但有 to。
  • make + O + adj/N：使某人／某物變得……：make the procedure simpler、made her the team leader。
  • make it + adj + (for sb) + to V：The new app makes it easy to track expenses.
結構意思被動
make + O + V強迫、使某人做be made + to V
let + O + V允許、讓某人做沒有被動；改用 be allowed to V
help + (O) + V / to V幫助（某人）做be helped + to V
例句
  • The delay made us change our travel plans.這次延誤使我們不得不更改旅行計畫。
  • Our flexible policy lets employees choose their working hours.我們彈性的政策讓員工可以自行選擇工作時間。
  • The new software will help reduce errors in data entry.新軟體將有助於減少資料輸入的錯誤。
  • Online check-in makes it possible to skip the line at the counter.線上報到讓你不必在櫃檯排隊。

依意思選擇使役動詞

許多動詞都有「讓某人做某事」的意思，但語氣不同，後面接的形式也不同。Part 5 可能同時考意思和形式，所以每個動詞都要連同它的結構一起記。

  • 這組動詞中只有 make, have, let 接不帶 to 的原形動詞；其餘動詞都需要 to V。
  • 改為被動時，接 to V 的這組動詞仍保留 to：Firms are required to keep records、The store was forced to close。
動詞語氣結構例句
make強制、逼迫（對方沒有選擇）make + O + VThe rules make staff wear helmets.
have交辦（對方因職責而做）have + O + VI'll have Tom call you back.
get說服、請託成功get + O + to VWe got the bank to waive the fee.
let讓、不阻止let + O + VThe app lets users pay by phone.
allow / permit允許（正式）allow + O + to VThe badge allows you to enter the lab.
enable使能夠enable + O + to VThe grant enabled us to expand.
require要求（依規定）require + O + to VThe law requires firms to keep records.
cause導致（通常是不希望發生的事）cause + O + to VThe storm caused prices to rise.
force迫使（因情勢所逼）force + O + to VLow sales forced the store to close.
例句
  • The new booking system enables guests to check in without visiting the front desk.新的訂房系統讓房客不必到櫃台就能辦理入住。
  • Rising fuel costs caused the airline to raise its fares.燃料成本上漲導致這家航空公司調高票價。

Keep、leave、find + 受詞 + V-ing / V3 / 形容詞

  • keep + O + V-ing：讓某人／某物持續做（通常是不希望的事）：Sorry to keep you waiting.
  • keep + O + adj/V3：保持某種狀態：keep the door closed、keep clients informed/updated。
  • leave + O + V-ing/adj/V3：放任處於某種狀態：Don't leave the machine running、leave the lights on。
  • find + O + adj：覺得某人／某物如何：We found the training very useful.
例句
  • We will keep you informed of any changes to the schedule.若時程有任何變動，我們會隨時通知您。
  • Please do not leave your belongings unattended.請勿讓您的隨身物品無人看管。

區分使役句、現在完成式與被動句

have + O + V3 句型因為同樣有 V3，看起來很像現在完成式和被動句。差別在於受詞的位置以及由誰來做。

  • 辨識使役句的線索：受詞位於 have 與 V3 之間。如果 V3 緊接在 have/has 之後，那就是完成式。
  • 使役句表示主詞是安排讓事情被完成的人；被動句則只聚焦於受影響的對象。
句子結構意思
We have repaired the copier.現在完成式：have + V3 + O是我們自己修好的。
We had the copier repaired.使役：have + O + V3我們請別人修理。
We have had the copier repaired.現在完成式的使役句我們已請人修好（結果延續到現在）。
The copier was repaired.被動：be + V3影印機已修好，沒說是誰修或誰請人修。
例句
  • The firm has had its accounts audited by an independent company.這家公司已委託一家獨立公司查核其帳目。
  • The firm has audited the accounts of several local businesses.這家公司已經為幾家本地企業查核過帳目。

多益解題技巧

  1. 判斷受詞後的形式：受詞是被處理的事物 → V3（have the printer repaired）；受詞是執行動作的人 → have + 原形動詞、get + to V。題目常把空格放在 have/get + 受詞 之後。
  2. make / let / have + O + 原形動詞（不帶 to），而 get / allow / ask / enable / require + O + to V。例如：The new policy lets employees ______ from home → work。
  3. make/keep/find/leave/consider + O 之後可以接形容詞，而不是副詞：make the process easier、keep customers informed、make it possible for us to ...。這是常見的詞性題。
  4. help 後面接原形動詞或 to V 都正確（help reduce、help to reduce、help customers find）；題目通常只把其中一種放進選項，而 V-ing 和有時態變化的動詞（reduces）則是錯的。

常見錯誤

錯誤: We need to have the copier repair.

正確: We need to have the copier repaired.

受詞是被修理的事物 → V3。

錯誤: The supervisor made them to work overtime.

正確: The supervisor made them work overtime.

Make + O + 原形動詞（主動）。

錯誤: I will get my colleague send you the file.

正確: I will get my colleague to send you the file.

Get + O（人）+ to V；have + O（人）+ V。

錯誤: The new layout makes the store more easily to navigate.

正確: The new layout makes the store easier to navigate.

make + O 之後用形容詞，不用副詞。

錯誤: Employees are let to leave early on Fridays.

正確: Employees are allowed to leave early on Fridays.

Let 不用於被動；改用 be allowed to。

練習題（附解答）

  1. 1.We had the new brochures ------- by a local printing company.

    1. (A) printed
    2. (B) print
    3. (C) printing
    4. (D) to print
    查看解答與解析

    答案: (A) printed

    手冊是被印製的事物（by a local printing company）→ have + 事物 + V3 printed。print 用於受詞是執行動作的人時。

  2. 2.I will have my assistant ------- the conference room for our meeting on Thursday.

    1. (A) to book
    2. (B) book
    3. (C) booked
    4. (D) books
    查看解答與解析

    答案: (B) book

    have + O（人：my assistant）+ 原形動詞 → book。to book 多了 to；當人是執行動作者時，booked、books 形式錯誤。

  3. 3.The supervisor got the new interns ------- the customer database.

    1. (A) to update
    2. (B) update
    3. (C) updated
    4. (D) to updating
    查看解答與解析

    答案: (A) to update

    get + 人 + to V → to update。update 是 have/make 的句型，不用於 get；updated 用於受詞是物品時；to updating 錯在這裡的 to 是不定詞的 to，必須接原形動詞。

  4. 4.The manager made the team ------- the report before leaving.

    1. (A) to revise
    2. (B) revised
    3. (C) revise
    4. (D) revising
    查看解答與解析

    答案: (C) revise

    make + 人 + 原形動詞（不加 to）→ revise。to revise 是陷阱，只在 make 用於被動式時才用。

  5. 5.The fitness center lets members ------- a guest for free once a month.

    1. (A) to bring
    2. (B) brought
    3. (C) bringing
    4. (D) bring
    查看解答與解析

    答案: (D) bring

    let + O (members) + 原形動詞（允許）→ bring。to bring 多了 to；brought、bringing 形式錯誤。

  6. 6.The new inventory software will help our staff ------- stock shortages before they occur.

    1. (A) identifying
    2. (B) identified
    3. (C) identifies
    4. (D) identify
    查看解答與解析

    答案: (D) identify

    help + O (our staff) + V / to V → identify。identifying、identified、identifies 都不是 help + 受詞後面該接的形式。

  7. 7.Employees were made ------- the safety training again.

    1. (A) complete
    2. (B) completing
    3. (C) completed
    4. (D) to complete
    查看解答與解析

    答案: (D) to complete

    make 用於被動式時改用 be made + to V → to complete。complete 只用於主動式 make + 人 + V。

  8. 8.Our project coordinator will keep all stakeholders ------- of any changes to the timeline.

    1. (A) informing
    2. (B) informed
    3. (C) inform
    4. (D) to inform
    查看解答與解析

    答案: (B) informed

    keep + O + V3（讓某人保持在被告知的狀態）→ informed（keep sb informed of）。informing、inform、to inform 都不是 keep + O 後面該接的形式。

  9. 9.The redesigned checkout page makes online ordering much ------- for elderly customers.

    1. (A) more easily
    2. (B) ease
    3. (C) easier
    4. (D) easily
    查看解答與解析

    答案: (C) easier

    make + O (online ordering) + 形容詞；有 much → 比較級 easier。more easily、easily 是副詞；ease 詞性錯誤。

  10. 10.Moving the meeting to Tuesday would make it ------- for the overseas team to attend.

    1. (A) possibly
    2. (B) possibility
    3. (C) possible
    4. (D) possibilities
    查看解答與解析

    答案: (C) possible

    句型 make it + 形容詞 + for sb + to V → possible。possibly 是副詞；possibility、possibilities 是名詞。

練習題

60 題 Part 5 題型，一次一題，每題作答後立即附上解析。

開始練習

常見問題

什麼是使役句（causative）？

使役句（causative）是表示讓、請託或僱用別人做某事，而不是自己做的結構。兩種主要形式是 have/get + 物 + V3（We had the brochures printed），以及 have + 人 + V 或 get + 人 + to V（I will have my assistant call you）。make, let, help 也屬於使役動詞。

Have something done 和 get something done 有什麼不同？

意思幾乎相同：請託或僱用別人替自己做某事。Get 較口語，有時強調為了把事情辦成所付出的努力（I finally got the visa approved），而 have 較中性，在商務書面語中也較常見。兩者後面都接 受詞 + V3。

Have someone do 和 get someone to do 有什麼不同？

have + 人 + V（不加 to）用於把工作交辦給對方，因為那是對方的職責：The manager had the interns organize the files。get + 人 + to V（加 to）強調成功說服別人去做：We got the supplier to lower the price。漏掉 to 是 Part 5 常見的錯誤：get my colleague send 是錯的，要寫成 get my colleague to send。

make 和 let 的被動式是什麼？

make 的被動式必須加 to：主動 The supervisor made them work overtime → 被動 They were made to work overtime。Let 沒有被動式；改用 be allowed to + V：Employees are allowed to leave early on Fridays，不寫成 are let to leave。

keep、make + 受詞之後要用形容詞還是副詞？

用形容詞（或分詞），因為這個字描述的是受詞的狀態，而不是修飾動詞：make the process easier、keep customers informed、find the training useful。make it + 形容詞 + to V 結構也是如此：The app makes it easy to track expenses。寫成 makes the store more easily to navigate 是錯的。

help 後面接原形動詞還是 to V？

兩者都正確：help (somebody) do 和 help (somebody) to do。例如 The software will help reduce errors 和 will help to reduce errors 都是標準用法。多益通常只會把其中一種放進選項；V-ing 形式（help reducing）和有時態變化的動詞（help reduces）都是錯的。