名詞的位置
名詞可以當主詞、受詞,或放在介系詞之後。最明顯的線索是前面有限定詞,而後面沒有其他名詞。
- 冠詞和限定詞之後:
a/an/the, this/that, my/your/their, some, any, each, every, no→the approval of the budget。 - 形容詞之後:
a detailed analysis、significant growth。 - 介系詞之後:
for approval、in addition、without permission。 - 前面有冠詞、後面接介系詞
of:the completion of the project。 - 當主詞或受詞:
Attendance is mandatory./We appreciate your cooperation. - 複合名詞中,前面的名詞修飾後面的名詞:
safety inspection、customer satisfaction。
- The renovation of the lobby will begin next month.大廳的整修工程將於下個月開始。
- Please submit your request for reimbursement by Friday.請在週五前提交您的費用核銷申請。
動詞、形容詞與副詞的位置
- 形容詞修飾名詞,副詞修飾其他所有東西(動詞、形容詞、副詞、整個句子)。
- 副詞不能放在動詞和受詞之間:
She reviewed carefully the contract是錯的;要說She carefully reviewed the contract或She reviewed the contract carefully。 - 副詞本身從來不是必要成分:拿掉副詞,句子仍然合乎文法。如果把空格拿掉句子依然完整,答案通常是副詞。
| 詞性 | 典型位置 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 動詞 | 主詞之後;助動詞/情態助動詞(will, can, must, should)之後;to 之後 | The firm will expand its operations. |
| 形容詞 | 名詞之前;連綴動詞(be, become, remain, seem)之後;make/keep/find + O 之後 | an efficient system / The system is efficient. |
| 副詞 | 修飾動詞(放前面或後面)、形容詞、其他副詞或整個句子 | The system works efficiently. |
| 副詞 | 助動詞與主要動詞之間:be + ___ + V3/V-ing、have + ___ + V3、will + ___ + V | The order has been carefully packed. |
| 副詞 | 形容詞或當形容詞用的分詞之前 | an exceptionally talented designer |
| 副詞 | 句首逗號之前;句子成分已完整的句尾 | Unfortunately, the flight was delayed. |
- The new manager responded quickly to the complaint.新任經理迅速回應了這項客訴。
- Our technicians provide reliable support at a reasonable price.我們的技術人員以合理的價格提供可靠的支援。
- The event was extremely well organized.這場活動辦得極為周全。
用字尾辨認詞性
來不及翻譯時,字尾是辨認詞性最快的線索。下表列出多益最常見的字尾。
| 詞性 | 字尾 | 例子 |
|---|---|---|
| 名詞(事物/概念) | -tion, -sion, -ment, -ness, -ity, -ance, -ence, -ship, -age, -ure, -ism, -cy | information, expansion, payment, awareness, availability, maintenance, reference, partnership, shortage, procedure, accuracy |
| 名詞(人) | -er, -or, -ee, -ant, -ent, -ist, -ian | employer, supervisor, employee, applicant, resident, analyst, technician |
| 動詞 | -ize/-ise, -ify, -en, -ate | organize, notify, strengthen, widen, evaluate, renovate |
| 形容詞 | -ful, -less, -ous, -ive, -able, -ible, -al, -ic, -ent, -ant, -ary, -ory, -y | successful, careless, various, effective, affordable, flexible, financial, economic, efficient, significant, temporary, mandatory, wealthy |
| 副詞 | 形容詞 + -ly | successfully, effectively, temporarily, significantly |
字尾陷阱:-ly、-al、-ive、-ant
- 字尾 -ly 的形容詞(名詞 + ly):
friendly, costly, timely, likely, lively, lovely, orderly, elderly, leisurely。它們沒有再加 -ly 的副詞形式;要當副詞用時要說in a friendly manner、in a timely manner。 - 表示頻率的
daily, weekly, monthly, yearly, quarterly既是形容詞(a weekly meeting)也是副詞(We meet weekly)。 - 字尾 -al 的名詞:
approval, proposal, arrival, removal, renewal, rental, referral, refusal, withdrawal, potential, professional, individual。 - 字尾 -ive 的名詞:
representative, executive, alternative, objective, initiative, incentive, relative。 - 字尾 -ant/-ent 的名詞:
applicant, assistant, consultant, participant, accountant, attendant, resident, correspondent。
- Our staff are always friendly and helpful.我們的員工總是親切又樂於協助。
- Please respond to customer inquiries in a timely manner.請及時回覆顧客的詢問。
- A sales representative will contact you within two days.業務代表將在兩天內與您聯絡。
表示人的名詞與表示事物/事件的名詞
同一個字根通常有兩個名詞:一個表示人,一個表示事件/行為。依句意和單複數形式來選:表示人的名詞是可數名詞,單數時必須有 a/an/the/his...。
- 在冠詞之後、
of之前,通常優先選名詞而不是 V-ing:the approval of the plan。V-ing(動名詞)則直接接受詞,不需要 of:approving the plan。
| 人 | 事物/事件 |
|---|---|
| applicant(應徵者) | application(申請書、應用) |
| employer / employee | employment(就業、工作) |
| attendee(出席者) | attendance(出席、出席人數) |
| participant | participation |
| consultant | consultation |
| supervisor | supervision |
| competitor | competition |
| manufacturer | manufacture / manufacturing |
| analyst | analysis |
| distributor | distribution |
| contributor | contribution |
| investor | investment |
- Each applicant must provide two letters of reference.每位應徵者必須提供兩封推薦信。
- Applications will not be accepted after June 30.6 月 30 日之後將不再受理申請。
多益常考詞族表
詞性題一定會給出同一個字根的四種形式。以整個詞族來背單字,能讓你立刻看出哪個選項是名詞、形容詞或副詞。下表列出 Part 5 經常出現的字根。
- 干擾選項通常是拼法最接近的形式。需要副詞時,題目常同時放形容詞(
competitive)和副詞(competitively);需要名詞時,常同時有指事物的名詞(competition)和指人的名詞(competitor)。 - 同一個字根可能有好幾個意思不同的名詞:
product(產品)、production(生產、產量)、productivity(生產力)。仔細看空格周圍的名詞,選出意思正確的那一個。
| 動詞 | 名詞 | 形容詞 | 副詞 |
|---|---|---|---|
| complete | completion | complete | completely |
| succeed | success | successful | successfully |
| rely | reliability | reliable | reliably |
| compete | competition, competitor | competitive | competitively |
| inform | information | informative | informatively |
| decide | decision | decisive | decisively |
| accept | acceptance | acceptable | acceptably |
| attract | attraction | attractive | attractively |
| respond | response | responsive | responsively |
| produce | product, production, productivity | productive | productively |
| consider | consideration | considerable, considerate | considerably |
| prefer | preference | preferable | preferably |
同字根但意思不同的形容詞
有些 Part 5 題目會給兩個同字根、而且放在空格位置文法上都正確的形容詞;這時就必須依意思選擇。下列幾組只差一個字尾,是很常見的陷阱。
| 形容詞組 | 意思 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| considerable / considerate | 相當大的 / 體貼的、會替別人著想 | a considerable increase in sales / a considerate host |
| economic / economical | 經濟上的 / 節省的 | economic growth / an economical car |
| successful / successive | 成功的 / 連續的 | a successful launch / three successive quarters |
| responsible / responsive | 負責的 / 回應迅速的 | responsible for the budget / a responsive support team |
| reliable / reliant | 可靠的 / 依賴的(+ on) | a reliable supplier / reliant on imports |
| comprehensive / comprehensible | 全面的、完整的 / 容易理解的 | a comprehensive guide / comprehensible instructions |
| sensible / sensitive | 合理的、明智的 / 敏感的 | a sensible decision / sensitive data |
| confident / confidential | 有自信的、確信的 / 機密的 | confident of success / confidential documents |
| industrial / industrious | 工業的 / 勤奮的 | an industrial zone / an industrious worker |
| respectful / respective | 尊重的 / 各自的、分別的 | respectful of others / their respective departments |
- Please keep all salary information strictly confidential.所有薪資資訊請務必嚴格保密。
- The new model is more economical to run than the old one.新機型的運作成本比舊機型更省。
- The two managers returned to their respective offices after the meeting.會議結束後,兩位經理各自回到自己的辦公室。
名詞還是 V-ing,形容詞還是分詞
當選項同時有名詞和 V-ing,或同時有形容詞和分詞(當形容詞用的 V-ing/V3)時,光看位置還不夠。還要看空格後面有沒有受詞,以及被描述的名詞是主動進行還是被影響。
- 介系詞之後,如果空格後面還有受詞,就選 V-ing:
by ------- these guidelines→ following。如果前面有冠詞、後面有of,就選名詞:after the ------- of the plan→ approval。 - 句首沒有冠詞時:可數單數名詞不能單獨出現,所以答案通常是不可數名詞或 V-ing:
------- of new staff takes two weeks→ Training。 - 在名詞前、選項是分詞時:名詞被影響 → V3(
the proposed changes、an updated list);名詞自己進行 → V-ing(a growing demand、an increasing number)。 - 同字根的分詞和形容詞可能意思不同:
an informed decision(根據充分資訊做出的決定)不同於an informative session(提供大量資訊的課程);a satisfied client(感到滿意的客戶)不同於a satisfactory result(令人滿意、符合要求的結果)。
- By following these guidelines, you can avoid unnecessary delays.只要遵照這些指引,就能避免不必要的延誤。
- The proposed changes will be discussed at the next meeting.提議的變更將在下次會議中討論。
- Training of new staff usually takes two weeks.新進員工的訓練通常需要兩週。
多益解題技巧
- 四個選項是同一字根時(
complete, completion, completely, completed),就是詞性題:不必翻譯整句,只看空格前後緊鄰的字來判斷位置。 - 快速判斷:
a/an/the/my/this + ___ + of/介系詞/動詞→ 名詞;the/a + ___ + 名詞→ 形容詞;be + ___ + V3/V-ing、will + ___ + V、句首逗號前,或句尾且句子成分已完整 → 副詞。 - 選名詞時,先確認是人還是事物、單數還是複數:
an ___→applicant(人,可數);___ for the job are due Friday→applications。表示人的單數名詞一定要有冠詞/限定詞。 - 小心陷阱:字尾 -ly 不一定是副詞(
friendly, costly, timely, likely是形容詞);字尾 -al, -ive, -ant 不一定是形容詞(proposal, representative, applicant是名詞)。
常見錯誤
錯誤: The technician repaired the machine quick.
正確: The technician repaired the machine quickly.
修飾動詞 repaired 必須用副詞。
錯誤: She is a very friendlily person.
正確: She is a very friendly person.
Friendly 是形容詞;沒有 friendlily 這種形式。
錯誤: We received over 200 applicants for the position.
正確: We received over 200 applications for the position.
收到的是申請書(事物),不是人。
錯誤: The manager carefully reviewed carefully the report.
正確: The manager carefully reviewed the report.
副詞不放在動詞和受詞之間,也不重複出現兩次。
錯誤: The proposal requires approve from the director.
正確: The proposal requires approval from the director.
動詞 requires 之後需要名詞(approval)當受詞,不是原形動詞。
練習題(附解答)
1.The ------- of the new parking garage is expected to ease traffic congestion in the downtown area.
- (A) construct
- (B) constructive
- (C) construction
- (D) constructively
查看解答與解析
答案: (C) construction
The 和 of 之間需要作主詞的名詞:
construction。construct是動詞,constructive是形容詞,constructively是副詞。2.Please send your request for ------- to the facilities office at least two days in advance.
- (A) approval
- (B) approve
- (C) approved
- (D) approvingly
查看解答與解析
答案: (A) approval
介系詞 for 之後需要名詞:request for
approval。approve是動詞,approved是分詞,approvingly是副詞。3.Hartwell Bank offers ------- repayment terms to small business owners in the region.
- (A) flexibly
- (B) flexible
- (C) flexibility
- (D) flexibilities
查看解答與解析
答案: (B) flexible
名詞片語 repayment terms 前需要形容詞:
flexible(字尾 -ible)。flexibly是副詞;flexibility、flexibilities是名詞。4.The renovation of the east wing was ------- completed two weeks ahead of schedule.
- (A) successful
- (B) successfully
- (C) success
- (D) succeed
查看解答與解析
答案: (B) successfully
was 和分詞 completed 之間需要副詞:
successfully。successful是形容詞,success是名詞,succeed是動詞。5.The city plans to ------- the main road that leads to the Eastgate industrial park.
- (A) wide
- (B) width
- (C) widely
- (D) widen
查看解答與解析
答案: (D) widen
to(to V)之後需要能接受詞 the main road 的原形動詞:
widen(字尾 -en)。wide是形容詞,width是名詞,widely是副詞。6.Customer service agents are expected to respond to all inquiries in a ------- manner.
- (A) time
- (B) timeliness
- (C) timelessly
- (D) timely
查看解答與解析
答案: (D) timely
a 和名詞 manner 之間需要形容詞:
timely(字尾 -ly 的形容詞,in a timely manner)。time、timeliness是名詞;timelessly是副詞。7.The board will vote on the ------- to relocate the company's headquarters to Austin.
- (A) propose
- (B) proposal
- (C) proposed
- (D) proposing
查看解答與解析
答案: (B) proposal
the 之後、to relocate 之前需要名詞作介系詞 on 的受詞:
proposal(字尾 -al 的名詞,不是形容詞)。propose是動詞;proposed、proposing在此無法作名詞。8.Mr. Grant asked a sales ------- to demonstrate how the new copier works.
- (A) represent
- (B) representing
- (C) representational
- (D) representative
查看解答與解析
答案: (D) representative
a sales 之後需要指人的名詞作 asked 的受詞:
representative(雖然字尾是 -ive,但是名詞)。represent、representing是動詞形式;representational是形容詞。9.Brennan & Shaw is looking for an experienced ------- who can manage payroll for 200 employees.
- (A) accountant
- (B) accounting
- (C) accountable
- (D) account
查看解答與解析
答案: (A) accountant
an experienced 之後需要名詞,且 who can manage 表示那是人:
accountant。accounting、account不是指人;accountable是形容詞。10.------- the new accounting software at all twelve branches will take about three weeks.
- (A) Installation
- (B) Install
- (C) Installing
- (D) Installed
查看解答與解析
答案: (C) Installing
空格作主詞,且後面緊接受詞 the new accounting software,因此需要動名詞
Installing。Installation是名詞,必須說 installation of;Install、Installed不能作主詞。
練習題
60 題 Part 5 題型,一次一題,每題作答後立即附上解析。
常見問題
英文的詞性有哪些?
英文有八大詞性:名詞、動詞、形容詞、副詞、代名詞、介系詞、連接詞和感嘆詞。在多益中,「詞性題」主要考前四種,因為它們有共同的字根,只差在字尾:complete(動詞/形容詞)、completion(名詞)、completely(副詞)。代名詞、介系詞和連接詞則另有專門的題型。
如何判斷空格要填名詞、形容詞還是副詞?
看空格前後緊鄰的字。在冠詞、所有格形容詞或介系詞之後,而後面沒有名詞 → 名詞。在冠詞和名詞之間,或在 be、become、remain 等連綴動詞之後 → 形容詞。在助動詞和主要動詞之間、在形容詞前,或句子成分已完整時 → 副詞。在主詞之後而句子還沒有有時態的動詞 → 動詞。
字尾是 -ly 的字一定是副詞嗎?
不一定。由名詞 + -ly 構成的字是形容詞:friendly, costly, timely, likely, lively, orderly, elderly。它們沒有另外的副詞形式,要當副詞用就得說 in a friendly manner、in a timely manner。表示頻率的 daily, weekly, monthly, quarterly 則既是形容詞也是副詞。
什麼時候選指人的名詞,什麼時候選指事物的名詞?
依意思和單複數來選。搭配的動詞是很明顯的線索:人用 interview, hire, contact(interview the applicants);事物用 submit, receive, review(submit an application)。此外,指人的名詞是可數名詞,單數時前面一定要有 a/an/the/his...。如果空格單獨出現在動詞後面而沒有冠詞,答案就是指事物的名詞(通常不可數)或複數名詞。
做詞性題需要翻譯整句嗎?
大多不需要。詞性題的設計是靠位置來解:只要看空格周圍兩三個字就能選出答案,大約 5 到 10 秒。只有當兩個選項詞性相同時(例如 applicant 和 application,或 considerable 和 considerate),才需要多讀一些、依意思選擇。在這類題目省下的時間,可以留給 Part 7。
怎樣才能快速學好詞性?
以詞族而不是單一單字來學:每次遇到新單字,就一併記下它的名詞、形容詞、副詞形式。掌握字尾表(-tion, -ment, -ness 是名詞;-ive, -ous, -able 是形容詞)來猜測生字。接著大量練習這類 Part 5 題目,並記下自己常錯的陷阱,例如字尾 -ly 的形容詞,或字尾 -al、-ive 的名詞。