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詞性與片語基礎

代名詞

Pronouns

人稱代名詞的主格與受格、所有格形容詞、所有格代名詞、反身代名詞、不定代名詞、one/ones 以及 that of/those of。

編寫：OpenTOEIC更新日期:

練習 60 題

代名詞形式一覽表

  • 主格放在動詞之前：They approved the budget.
  • 受格放在動詞或介系詞之後：Please send us the file. / between you and me。
  • 所有格形容詞放在名詞之前：our clients。所有格代名詞代替「所有格形容詞 + 名詞」，後面不接名詞：This desk is mine.（= my desk）。
  • its（它的）不同於 it's（= it is / it has）。所有格代名詞沒有撇號：yours, ours, theirs。
主格受格所有格形容詞所有格代名詞反身代名詞
Imemyminemyself
youyouyouryoursyourself / yourselves
hehimhishishimself
sheherherhersherself
ititits（極少使用）itself
weusouroursourselves
theythemtheirtheirsthemselves
例句
  • Ms. Lopez sent her report to the director yesterday.羅培茲女士昨天把她的報告寄給了主管。
  • Our proposal was cheaper than theirs.我們的提案比他們的便宜。
  • The company changed its logo last year.公司去年更換了標誌。

反身代名詞

  • 主詞和受詞是同一人／物時：The new interns introduced themselves to the team.
  • 加強語氣（emphatic），緊接在名詞之後或放在句尾，拿掉後句子仍然正確：The president himself answered the call. / I checked the figures myself.
  • by + 反身代名詞 = 獨自、沒有人幫忙：She completed the audit by herself. 相當於 on + 所有格形容詞 + own：on her own。
  • meet, relax, feel, concentrate 等動詞之後不用反身代名詞：說 We met at 9，不說 met ourselves。
例句
  • Mr. Chen designed the entire website by himself.陳先生獨自設計了整個網站。
  • Applicants should familiarize themselves with the job requirements.應徵者應先熟悉職務要求。

不定代名詞

由 some-, any-, no-, every- 與 -one, -body, -thing, -where 組成。它們一律搭配單數動詞。

  • someone/something 用於肯定句以及邀請／提議；anyone/anything 用於否定句和疑問句，或表示任何人。
  • no one / nobody / nothing 本身已有否定意義，不再加 not：Nobody has replied.
  • everyone（每個人）不同於 every one（每一個）：Every one of the boxes was checked.
  • 再次提到 everyone, someone, anyone 時，通常用 they/their：Everyone must bring their ID card.
  • 形容詞放在不定代名詞之後：something new、anyone interested。
例句
  • Is there anyone who can cover the front desk on Saturday?有人可以在週六代班櫃檯嗎？
  • Everyone in the department has completed the training.部門裡的每個人都已完成訓練。

one / ones、those who、that of / those of

  • one（單數）和 ones（複數）代替前面提過的可數名詞以避免重複：This model is cheaper than the old one. / We replaced the broken chairs with new ones. 不可數名詞不能用 one。
  • those who = 那些……的人：Those who register early will receive a discount. 後面的動詞用複數。anyone who + 單數動詞。
  • that of 代替單數／不可數名詞，those of 代替複數名詞，常用於比較：The salary of a manager is higher than that of an assistant. / Our prices are lower than those of our competitors.
  • this/that + 單數，these/those + 複數：These documents need your signature.
例句
  • The sales figures for this year are better than those of last year.今年的銷售數字比去年的好。
  • Those who wish to attend the dinner should reply by Monday.想參加晚宴的人應在週一前回覆。

依句中位置選擇代名詞形式

Part 5 的代名詞題通常會給同一個人稱的四種形式。不要翻譯；先判斷空格在句中的哪個位置，再對照下表。

  • 複合主詞的訣竅：把另一個人拿掉再讀讀看。Ms. Diaz and ------- will lead the session → ------- will lead → I，不是 me 或 myself。
  • 比較句中 than 和 as 之後，正式文體用主格代名詞加助動詞：She has more experience than he does. 口語中說 than him 也可以接受。
位置代名詞形式例句
有時態的動詞前（主詞）主格：I, he, she, we, theyThey will review the contract tomorrow.
用 and/or 連接的複合主詞仍用主格Mr. Lee and I will attend the fair.
動詞後、介系詞後受格：me, him, her, us, themPlease contact us. / between you and me
名詞前、own 前所有格形容詞：my, his, her, our, theirtheir budget, on his own
單獨使用，代替名詞片語所有格代名詞：mine, hers, ours, theirsYour proposal was cheaper than ours.
a/this + 名詞 + of 結構中 of 之後所有格代名詞（雙重所有格）a colleague of mine, a client of hers
受詞與主詞相同、by 之後、表示強調反身代名詞：myself, themselvesShe prepared the slides herself.
例句
  • The client asked us to send the revised quote to her assistant.客戶請我們把修改後的報價單寄給她的助理。
  • Mr. Okada and I will meet the suppliers on Tuesday.Okada 先生和我將在星期二與供應商見面。

段落中的代名詞指涉（Part 6）

Part 6 常在整段文章的脈絡中考代名詞：必須讀前一句，才知道代名詞指的是哪個名詞、那個名詞是單數還是複數、指人還是指物。

  • 單數的公司、機構、產品 → it/its：Brightline Foods opened its first store in 2015. 員工、客戶等一群人 → they/their/them。
  • this 或 that 可以代替前一句的整個意思，而不只是一個名詞：The supplier raised its prices by 15%. This means we must revise the budget.
  • 代替剛提過的複數名詞，用 these/those 或 these + 名詞：We have received several complaints. These will be reviewed by the quality team.
  • such + 名詞 = 這類的（事情）：Such requests must be approved in advance.
  • 對於已提過的可數名詞，指同類的另一個時用 one/ones，指同一個東西時用 it/them：I lost my badge, so I need a new one. / I found my badge; it was in my car.
例句
  • Our new branch opened last week. It is located near the central station.我們的新分店上週開幕。分店位於中央車站附近。
  • Several employees requested flexible hours. Their requests are being reviewed.有幾位員工申請彈性工時。他們的申請正在審核中。

whoever、whatever、whichever 與 each other

字尾 -ever 的代名詞既在自己的子句中當主詞或受詞，又把該子句連接到句子裡。它們常和 who、what、which 一起出現在 Part 5 的選項中。

  • whoever = anyone who，用在後面的子句缺少主詞時：Whoever needs a parking pass should contact HR.（= Anyone who needs a parking pass...）。
  • 不要把 whoever 和 who 搞混：who 前面需要一個名詞讓它修飾（the person who...），而 whoever 本身就能當主詞或受詞，不需要任何名詞。
代名詞意思例句
whoever任何人、無論誰Whoever arrives first should unlock the office.
whatever任何事物、無論什麼We will provide whatever support you need.
whichever（在給定範圍內）無論哪一個Choose whichever option suits your schedule.
each other, one another彼此、互相Team members should support each other.
例句
  • The prize will go to whoever submits the best design.獎項將頒給提交最佳設計的人。
  • The two teams communicate with each other every day.兩個團隊每天都互相聯繫。

多益解題技巧

  1. Part 5 的代名詞題通常四個選項是同一人稱（she / her / hers / herself）。判斷位置：動詞之前 → 主格（she）；動詞／介系詞之後 → 受格（her）；名詞之前 → 所有格形容詞（her）；單獨代替整個名詞片語 → 所有格代名詞（hers）。
  2. 當受詞就是主詞本身時選反身代名詞（She introduced herself）；放在 by 之後（= 獨自、親自）或用於主詞後／句尾加強語氣時也用反身代名詞（The CEO herself will attend）。如果句子成分已完整而空格在句尾，反身代名詞通常就是答案。
  3. own 之前一定是所有格形容詞：their own office、on his own。
  4. Part 6：先找出代名詞所代替的名詞。單數的公司、產品 → it/its；一群人或複數事物 → they/their/them。比較時用 that of（單數／不可數）或 those of（複數）來避免重複名詞。

常見錯誤

錯誤: Please send the documents to Mr. Ito or I.

正確: Please send the documents to Mr. Ito or me.

介系詞 to 之後用受格代名詞 me。

錯誤: The company announced it's new policy.

正確: The company announced its new policy.

Its 是所有格形容詞；it's 是 it is 的縮寫。

錯誤: Ms. Ford prepared the slides by her.

正確: Ms. Ford prepared the slides by herself.

By + 反身代名詞才有「自己做」的意思。

錯誤: The price of our service is lower than our competitors.

正確: The price of our service is lower than that of our competitors.

價格要和價格比較，需要用 that of 代替 the price。

錯誤: This laptop is my.

正確: This laptop is mine.

後面沒有名詞時，用所有格代名詞。

練習題（附解答）

  1. 1.Ms. Russo asked ------- assistant to reschedule the client meeting.

    1. (A) she
    2. (B) hers
    3. (C) her
    4. (D) herself
    查看解答與解析

    答案: (C) her

    名詞 assistant 前面需要所有格形容詞 her。she 是主格，hers 是所有格代名詞（單獨使用），herself 是反身代名詞。

  2. 2.If you have any questions about the contract, please contact ------- directly.

    1. (A) I
    2. (B) my
    3. (C) me
    4. (D) mine
    查看解答與解析

    答案: (C) me

    及物動詞 contact 後面需要受格代名詞 me。I 是主格，my 後面需要名詞，mine 是所有格代名詞。

  3. 3.The laptop on the desk is not mine; I think it is -------.

    1. (A) her
    2. (B) hers
    3. (C) she
    4. (D) herself
    查看解答與解析

    答案: (B) hers

    空格在句尾，後面沒有名詞，與 mine 平行，因此用所有格代名詞 hers（= her laptop）。her 是所有格形容詞，後面必須接名詞。

  4. 4.Ms. Kim and ------- will represent the company at the trade show in Busan.

    1. (A) me
    2. (B) myself
    3. (C) mine
    4. (D) I
    查看解答與解析

    答案: (D) I

    空格是主詞的一部分（Ms. Kim and I），因此用主格代名詞 I。me 是受格；myself 不作主詞。

  5. 5.Between you and -------, the merger is likely to be announced at next week's shareholder meeting.

    1. (A) me
    2. (B) I
    3. (C) my
    4. (D) mine
    查看解答與解析

    答案: (A) me

    介系詞 between 之後需要受格：between you and me。I 是主格；my 需要接名詞；mine 是所有格代名詞。

  6. 6.Mr. Adeyemi prepared the financial report ------- because his assistant was on leave.

    1. (A) him
    2. (B) himself
    3. (C) his
    4. (D) he
    查看解答與解析

    答案: (B) himself

    句子成分已經完整，空格用來強調是親自做的，因此用反身代名詞 himself。him、his、he 不能以這個意思接在受詞後面。

  7. 7.A former colleague of ------- recommended the Bayview Hotel as the venue for our sales retreat.

    1. (A) me
    2. (B) my
    3. (C) mine
    4. (D) I
    查看解答與解析

    答案: (C) mine

    結構 a + N + of + 所有格代名詞：a colleague of mine（我的一位同事）。me 不符合這個結構；my 需要接名詞；I 不能放在介系詞之後。

  8. 8.The new chairs are more comfortable than the ------- we had before.

    1. (A) ones
    2. (B) one
    3. (C) it
    4. (D) them
    查看解答與解析

    答案: (A) ones

    代替複數名詞 chairs 用 the ones。one 是單數；it、them 不能接在 the 後面。

  9. 9.The company rewards ------- who exceed their sales targets with a bonus.

    1. (A) they
    2. (B) them
    3. (C) their
    4. (D) those
    查看解答與解析

    答案: (D) those

    結構 those who（那些……的人）。them who、they who 不這樣用；their 後面需要名詞。

  10. 10.The sales figures for this quarter are higher than ------- of the previous quarter.

    1. (A) those
    2. (B) this
    3. (C) it
    4. (D) them
    查看解答與解析

    答案: (A) those

    比較句中代替複數名詞 sales figures 要用 those of。this、it 是單數；them 不能這樣和 of 搭配。

練習題

60 題 Part 5 題型，一次一題，每題作答後立即附上解析。

開始練習

常見問題

英文代名詞有哪些種類？

多益常見的代名詞包括：主格和受格的人稱代名詞（I/me, they/them）、所有格形容詞（my, their）、所有格代名詞（mine, theirs）、反身代名詞（myself, themselves）、不定代名詞（someone, anything, everyone）、指示代名詞（this, these, that, those），以及關係代名詞（who, which, that，在關係子句單元學習）。

所有格形容詞和所有格代名詞有什麼不同？

所有格形容詞（my, your, his, her, its, our, their）一定放在名詞前：our office。所有格代名詞（mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs）單獨使用，代替整個「所有格形容詞 + 名詞」：This office is ours（= our office）。訣竅：空格後面緊接名詞，選所有格形容詞；空格後面是句號、動詞或介系詞，選所有格代名詞。

什麼時候用反身代名詞？

有三種情況。第一，受詞就是主詞本身：The interns introduced themselves。第二，在 by 之後表示獨自、親自：He fixed the printer by himself。第三，用來強調，放在主詞後或句尾：The CEO herself answered the call。在 Part 5 中，如果句子成分已完整而空格在句尾，答案通常是反身代名詞。

its 和 it's 有什麼不同？

its 是所有格形容詞，意思是「它的」，放在名詞前：The company changed its logo。it's 是 it is 或 it has 的縮寫：It's important to back up your files。所有格代名詞永遠沒有撇號：寫 yours, ours, theirs，不寫 your's 或 their's。

要說 "between you and me" 還是 "between you and I"？

正確的是 between you and me。介系詞（between, for, with, to...）之後必須用受格代名詞，即使是用 and 連接的兩個人也一樣：for Ms. Park and me、with him and his team。反過來，在主詞位置就用主格：Ms. Park and I will attend。檢查訣竅是把另一個人拿掉：for me 聽起來正確，for I 就是錯的。

that of 和 those of 什麼時候用？

用在比較句中，以避免重複前面提過的名詞。that of 代替單數或不可數名詞，those of 代替複數名詞：The price of our service is lower than that of our competitors（that = the price）；Our sales figures are higher than those of last year（those = the sales figures）。如果拿掉 that of 寫成 lower than our competitors，就變成拿價格和公司比較，邏輯上是錯的。