OpenTOEIC
登入免費註冊註冊
所有文法主題
詞性與片語中級

形容詞

Adjectives

形容詞的位置、-ed 與 -ing 形容詞、形容詞排列順序、形容詞搭配介系詞、複合形容詞、so/such 與 enough/too。

編寫：OpenTOEIC更新日期:

練習 60 題

形容詞的位置

  • 名詞之前（修飾用法）：a flexible schedule。
  • 連綴動詞之後（述語用法）：The schedule is flexible. 有些形容詞只能放在連綴動詞之後：alive, asleep, alone, afraid, aware, alike, awake → 說 The staff are aware of the change，不說 aware staff。
  • 受詞之後，搭配 make, keep, find, consider, leave：The update made the software faster.
  • 不定代名詞之後以及某些度量片語：something important、two meters long。
  • 帶有補語的較長形容詞片語通常放在名詞之後：candidates eligible for the position、items available for purchase。
例句
  • Customers found the new checkout process convenient.顧客覺得新的結帳流程很方便。
  • Tickets available at the door are more expensive.現場購票比較貴。

-ed 與 -ing 形容詞

  • 技巧：問自己那個名詞是自己做這個動作（-ing）還是被動承受（-ed）。the rising costs（成本自己上升）／ the reduced price（價格被降低）。
-ed（感受者／被動）-ing（引起情緒／主動）
The clients were impressed.The results were disappointing.
interested applicantsan interesting offer
satisfied customersa satisfying outcome
confused staffconfusing instructions
an experienced engineer（有經驗的）the existing system（現有的）
attached file, enclosed brochure, revised policyremaining seats, upcoming event, leading company
例句
  • Please review the attached document before the meeting.請在會議前審閱附件文件。
  • Interested candidates should send their résumés to HR.有意願的應徵者請將履歷寄給人資部門。

多個形容詞的排列順序

名詞前有多個形容詞時，表達評價（opinion）的形容詞放在描述客觀事實（fact）的形容詞之前。描述性的形容詞通常依下列順序排列：

評價 → 大小 → 新舊 → 形狀 → 顏色 → 來源 → 材質 → 用途/類型 + 名詞
例句
  • We moved into a spacious new office building.我們搬進了一棟寬敞的新辦公大樓。
  • She bought a beautiful small black leather briefcase.她買了一個漂亮的黑色小皮革公事包。

常見的形容詞 + 介系詞

  • 介系詞之後接名詞或 V-ing：We are committed to providing quality service.（這裡的 to 是介系詞）。
  • be eligible to + V 也正確：Staff are eligible to receive a bonus.
介系詞形容詞
forresponsible for, eligible for, suitable for, available for, qualified for, famous for, grateful for, liable for
ofaware of, capable of, representative of, independent of, proud of, worthy of, typical of
withcompatible with, familiar with, satisfied with, consistent with, pleased with, associated with, equipped with, comparable with/to
tosubject to, similar to, equivalent to, accessible to, relevant to, committed to, entitled to, superior to, open to
ininterested in, involved in, experienced in, skilled in, rich in
about / on / fromconcerned about, enthusiastic about, dependent on, reliant on, different from, absent from, exempt from
例句
  • Ms. Ahmed is responsible for coordinating all international shipments.艾哈邁德女士負責協調所有國際貨運。
  • The new software is not compatible with older computers.新軟體與舊型電腦不相容。
  • All prices are subject to change without notice.所有價格如有變動，恕不另行通知。

複合形容詞

  • 數字 + 名詞（加連字號，名詞用單數）：a three-day conference、a five-year contract、a 20-page report、a ten-minute break。比較：The conference lasts three days（不當形容詞時名詞用複數）。
  • 副詞／形容詞 + 分詞：well-known, well-paid, newly built, highly qualified（-ly 副詞之後不加連字號）、long-lasting, time-consuming, record-breaking。
  • 形容詞 + 名詞：high-quality, long-term, short-term, full-time, part-time, last-minute, low-cost, state-of-the-art。
  • 名詞 + 形容詞：user-friendly, cost-effective, duty-free, tax-free, energy-efficient。
例句
  • The firm signed a two-year agreement with a local supplier.公司與一家當地供應商簽訂了兩年的合約。
  • We offer high-quality products at competitive prices.我們以具競爭力的價格提供高品質的產品。

so / such 與 enough / too

  • too 帶有負面意味（過度到無法……）；very 只是「非常」。It is too expensive（所以買不起）不同於 It is very expensive。
結構例句
so + 形容詞／副詞（+ that...）The demand was so high that we ran out of stock.
so + many/much/few/little + 名詞There were so many applicants that we extended the deadline.
such + a/an + 形容詞 + 單數名詞It was such a successful launch that sales doubled.
such +（形容詞）+ 複數名詞／不可數名詞They gave such useful advice.
形容詞／副詞 + enough（+ to V / for sb）The room is large enough for 50 people.
enough + 名詞We do not have enough chairs.
too + 形容詞／副詞（+ for sb）+ to VThe file is too large to send by email.

形容詞 + to V 與形容詞 + that

許多形容詞常接 to V 或 that 子句。Part 5 常把這些形容詞後面的動詞形式挖空，或把 to 前面的形容詞本身挖空。

  • 在 It is essential/important/necessary/imperative that 之後，不論主詞是什麼，動詞都用原形、不做變化（假設語氣）：It is important that each employee attend the training（用 attend，不是 attends）。
  • 最後一種結構中，動詞後面不再加受詞：The software is easy to use，不能說 easy to use it。
  • likely 可以用人或物當主詞（Prices are likely to increase），但 possible 不行：不能說 He is possible to come，要說 It is possible for him to come。
結構常見形容詞例句
be + 形容詞 + to Vable, eager, willing, reluctant, likely, unlikely, sure, certain, ready, pleasedSales are likely to rise next quarter.
It is + 形容詞 + (for sb) + to Vimportant, necessary, essential, difficult, easy, possible, advisableIt is essential to back up your files daily.
It is + 形容詞 + that + S + 原形動詞essential, important, necessary, imperative, vitalIt is essential that every visitor sign in.
be + 形容詞 + that + 子句sure, certain, confident, aware, pleased, gladWe are confident that the project will succeed.
S + be + 形容詞 + to V（S 是 V 的受詞）easy, difficult, hard, simple, convenientThe new software is easy to use.
例句
  • Customers are more likely to return if they receive good service.顧客如果得到良好的服務，就更有可能再度光臨。
  • It is necessary that all receipts be submitted with the expense report.所有收據都必須連同費用報告一起繳交。

放在名詞後面以及會改變意思的形容詞

有些形容詞可以放在名詞後面，而且有幾個形容詞放在名詞前或名詞後意思完全不同。這些片語常出現在公告和商務信件中。

  • 帶有補語的形容詞一定放在名詞後面：a room large enough for 50 people、candidates familiar with the software。
  • available, possible 等字尾 -able/-ible 的形容詞，搭配最高級、only、every 時常放在名詞後面：the earliest date possible、the only room available。
放在名詞前放在名詞後
a responsible person：有責任感、可靠的人the person responsible：（對該事）負責的人
concerned residents：感到擔憂的居民the residents concerned：相關的居民
the present members：現任成員the members present：出席的成員
an involved process：一個複雜的流程the people involved：參與的人、相關人員
the available seats：空著的座位the seats available：意思相同，語氣更強調
the best possible solutionthe best solution possible：意思相同，可能的最佳解決方案
例句
  • Please send the invoice to the person responsible for accounts payable.請將發票寄給負責應付帳款的人。
  • All the board members present voted in favor of the proposal.所有出席的董事會成員都投票贊成這項提案。

多益常見的形容詞 + 名詞搭配

Part 5 的字彙題常給四個不同的形容詞，要依習慣搭配（collocation）來選。熟記下列搭配，不必翻譯整句就能快速作答。

形容詞意思常見搭配
competitive有競爭力的competitive prices, a competitive salary
extensive廣泛的、大量的extensive experience, extensive research
prompt迅速的、及時的a prompt reply, prompt payment
valid有效的、合格的a valid passport, a valid receipt
complimentary免費的（贈送的）complimentary breakfast, complimentary tickets
tentative暫定的、尚未正式確定的a tentative schedule, a tentative agreement
preliminary初步的preliminary results, a preliminary report
sufficient, adequate足夠的sufficient funds, adequate parking
substantial相當大的、大量的a substantial increase, substantial savings
mandatory強制的、必須的mandatory training, a mandatory meeting
outstanding傑出的；未付清的、未解決的outstanding performance, an outstanding balance
upcoming即將到來的the upcoming conference, upcoming events
例句
  • All guests enjoy complimentary breakfast and free Wi-Fi.所有住客皆可享用免費早餐和免費 Wi-Fi。
  • Please pay the outstanding balance within 30 days.請於 30 天內付清未付餘額。

多益解題技巧

  1. Part 5 很常考形容詞 + 介系詞：空格是 responsible, eligible, aware, compatible, familiar... 之後的介系詞，或是介系詞前面的形容詞。請整組片語一起背，不要單背一個字。
  2. -ed 還是 -ing：被描述的主詞／名詞是感受者 → -ed（satisfied customers）；是引起情緒的原因 → -ing（a satisfying result）。一般動詞的 -ed 表示被動／已完成（a revised schedule），-ing 表示主動／進行中（the remaining items）。
  3. 數字複合形容詞：看到 a ___-day / ___-year + 名詞，表示時間的名詞用單數並加連字號：a two-week training course。
  4. so 搭配形容詞／副詞，such 搭配名詞片語；enough 放在形容詞之後，但放在名詞之前。這是常見的語序陷阱題。

常見錯誤

錯誤: We are organizing a three-days workshop.

正確: We are organizing a three-day workshop.

複合形容詞中，表示數量的名詞用單數。

錯誤: The staff were very confusing by the new instructions.

正確: The staff were very confused by the new instructions.

感受到情緒的人用 -ed。

錯誤: Mr. Silva is responsible of the budget.

正確: Mr. Silva is responsible for the budget.

固定搭配是 responsible for。

錯誤: The hall is enough large for the event.

正確: The hall is large enough for the event.

Enough 放在形容詞之後。

錯誤: It was so a long meeting that everyone was tired.

正確: It was such a long meeting that everyone was tired.

a + 形容詞 + 名詞之前用 such。

練習題（附解答）

  1. 1.Please make sure that all employees are ------- of the new parking regulations before Monday.

    1. (A) aware
    2. (B) awareness
    3. (C) awaken
    4. (D) awoke
    查看解答與解析

    答案: (A) aware

    be 之後、of 之前需要形容詞，構成 be aware of（知道、意識到）：aware。awareness 是名詞；awaken、awoke 是動詞。

  2. 2.If you notice anything ------- on your monthly statement, please contact our billing department immediately.

    1. (A) unusually
    2. (B) unusual
    3. (C) unusualness
    4. (D) more unusually
    查看解答與解析

    答案: (B) unusual

    修飾不定代名詞的形容詞要放在它之後：anything unusual。unusually、more unusually 是副詞；unusualness 是名詞。

  3. 3.Many customers were ------- with the speed of the new online checkout system.

    1. (A) satisfying
    2. (B) satisfied
    3. (C) satisfy
    4. (D) satisfaction
    查看解答與解析

    答案: (B) satisfied

    顧客是感到滿意的人，因此用字尾 -ed，固定搭配 be satisfied with。satisfying 描述令人滿意的事物。

  4. 4.The audience found the keynote speaker's presentation extremely -------.

    1. (A) interested
    2. (B) interest
    3. (C) interesting
    4. (D) interestingly
    查看解答與解析

    答案: (C) interesting

    句型 find + O + 形容詞；簡報是引起興趣的一方，因此用字尾 -ing：interesting。interested 描述人的感受；interestingly 是副詞。

  5. 5.Please refer to the ------- invoice for a complete breakdown of the installation charges.

    1. (A) attaching
    2. (B) attach
    3. (C) attachment
    4. (D) attached
    查看解答與解析

    答案: (D) attached

    發票是被附上的（被動），所以用 -ed 形容詞：attached invoice。attaching 帶主動意味；attach 是動詞，attachment 是名詞。

  6. 6.Glenrock Furniture has introduced a ------- desk for home offices.

    1. (A) beautiful new wooden
    2. (B) wooden new beautiful
    3. (C) new wooden beautiful
    4. (D) beautiful wooden new
    查看解答與解析

    答案: (A) beautiful new wooden

    形容詞順序：主觀評價（beautiful）→ 新舊／年代（new）→ 材質（wooden）→ 名詞，所以選 beautiful new wooden。其他選項順序錯誤。

  7. 7.Delivery dates shown on our website are subject ------- availability at the regional warehouse.

    1. (A) of
    2. (B) to
    3. (C) for
    4. (D) with
    查看解答與解析

    答案: (B) to

    固定用法 be subject to + 名詞（視……而定）：subject to availability。of、for、with 不會以這個意思和 subject 搭配。

  8. 8.The firm signed a ------- contract with its main supplier.

    1. (A) three years
    2. (B) three-years
    3. (C) three yearly
    4. (D) three-year
    查看解答與解析

    答案: (D) three-year

    數字 + 名詞 的複合形容詞要加連字號，而且名詞不加 -s：a three-year contract。three-years 因為有 -s 而錯誤；three years 沒有連字號，不能當形容詞。

  9. 9.The hotel is ------- close to the convention center that guests can walk there in five minutes.

    1. (A) such
    2. (B) too
    3. (C) very
    4. (D) so
    查看解答與解析

    答案: (D) so

    結構 so + 形容詞 + that（如此……以至於）。such 搭配名詞片語；too、very 不以這種結構和 that 搭配。

  10. 10.The marketing budget is not large ------- to cover a national television campaign.

    1. (A) too
    2. (B) so
    3. (C) enough
    4. (D) such
    查看解答與解析

    答案: (C) enough

    結構 形容詞 + enough + to V：large enough to cover。too 放在形容詞前面；so、such 不能接在形容詞後面。

練習題

60 題 Part 5 題型，一次一題，每題作答後立即附上解析。

開始練習

常見問題

形容詞放在句子的什麼位置？

形容詞有兩個主要位置：名詞前（a flexible schedule）和 be、become、seem、remain 等連綴動詞之後（The schedule is flexible）。此外，形容詞也會放在 make, keep, find, consider 的受詞後面（The update made the app faster）、不定代名詞後面（something important），以及帶有補語片語時的名詞後面（items available for purchase）。

什麼時候用 -ed 結尾的形容詞，什麼時候用 -ing？

表示情緒的形容詞中，-ed 描述感受到情緒的人（The clients were impressed），-ing 描述引起情緒的事物（The presentation was impressive/interesting）。其他動詞則是 -ed 表示被動或已完成（the revised schedule），-ing 表示主動或正在進行（the remaining seats、rising costs）。

名詞前有多個形容詞時，順序是什麼？

常見的順序是：評價 → 大小 → 新舊／年齡 → 形狀 → 顏色 → 來源 → 材質 → 用途 + 名詞。例如 a beautiful small black leather briefcase、a spacious new office building。實際上很少連用超過三個形容詞，而多益通常只考評價形容詞要放在描述形容詞之前。

so 和 such 有什麼不同？

so 搭配單獨的形容詞或副詞：The demand was so high that we ran out of stock。such 搭配名詞片語：such a high demand、such useful advice。遇到可數單數名詞時，a/an 放在 such 後面：such a successful launch。在 many, much, few, little + 名詞 之前則用 so：so many applicants。

為什麼說 a three-day workshop 而不說 a three-days workshop？

因為這裡的 three-day 是放在名詞前的複合形容詞，而英文的形容詞沒有複數形。複合形容詞中表示單位的名詞一律用單數，並用連字號連接：a five-year contract, a 20-page report, a ten-minute break。不當形容詞用時，就照常用複數：The workshop lasts three days。

有什麼方法能記住形容詞要搭配哪個介系詞？

最有效的方法是以片語來學，並依介系詞分組：for 組（responsible, eligible, suitable for）、with 組（compatible, familiar, satisfied with）、to 組（subject, similar, entitled to）、of 組（aware, capable of）。每次在 Part 5 做錯一題形容詞 + 介系詞，就把整個片語連同一個職場例句記下來，幾天後再複習。