動詞與時態中級

表達未來的各種方式

Q: Will 和 be going to 有什麼不同？

will + V 用於說話當下做的決定、承諾、提議、依個人看法的預測，以及正式公告（The office will be closed on Monday）。be going to + V 用於事先已有的打算，以及根據眼前跡象的預測（We are going to hire two more designers）。在 Part 5 中，兩者很少同時出現在選項裡；通常只有一個未來形式在文法上正確。

Q: when、if、as soon as 之後可以用 will 嗎？

談未來時，以 when, as soon as, once, before, after, until, by the time, if, unless 開頭的子句用現在簡單式或現在完成式，不用 will：We will ship your order as soon as we receive your payment。will 只放在主要子句。例外：當作受詞的 when 子句（I don't know when the parts will arrive）仍然用 will。

Q: 未來完成式什麼時候用？

未來完成式 will have + V3 表示某事將在未來某個時間點之前完成。線索是 by + 未來時間點（by next Friday, by the end of the year）、by then 和 by the time + 現在簡單式：By the end of this month, we will have shipped over 10,000 units。進行式 will have been + V-ing 則強調持續到那個時間點的時間長度。

Q: 未來進行式和未來簡單式有什麼不同？

未來簡單式 will + V 表示某件事將會發生。未來進行式 will be + V-ing 表示在未來某一刻正在進行的事（At 10 A.M. tomorrow, the director will be interviewing candidates），或依計畫自然會發生的事（Our staff will be contacting you shortly）。進行式也能讓詢問他人計畫的問句更有禮貌。

Q: 現在進行式和現在簡單式可以表達未來嗎？

可以。現在進行式用於已安排好的個人計畫（已約好、已訂票）：I am flying to Singapore on Monday。現在簡單式用於正式的時程表，例如火車、班機時刻或會議日程：The conference begins on May 12。因此公司關於固定時程的公告即使談的是未來，也常用現在簡單式。

Q: "Be scheduled to" 和 "be supposed to" 有什麼不同？

be scheduled to + V 表示已排定要做某事，屬於客觀陳述：The inspection is scheduled to take place on Monday。be supposed to + V 表示本應、按規定或預期應該，用過去式時通常暗示事情沒有發生：The parts were supposed to arrive yesterday（但還沒到）。兩者後面都接原形動詞。

Future forms

英文表達未來有多種方式：will、be going to、現在進行式、現在簡單式、未來進行式、未來完成式；時間子句與 if 子句用現在式代替 will。

編寫：OpenTOEIC更新日期: 2026年10月18日

練習 60 題

Will 與 be going to

否定：will not (won't) + V、am/is/are not going to + V。
正式公告通常用 will：The office will be closed on Monday.
有證據的預測：Look at those clouds – the outdoor event is going to be cancelled.

結構	用法	例句
`will + V`	說話當下做的決定；承諾、提議、請求；根據個人看法的預測；未來確定會發生的事	I'll forward you the file right now.
`be going to + V`	事先已有的打算；根據現有跡象所做的預測	We're going to hire two more designers.

例句

The new branch will open in March.新分公司將於三月開幕。
We are going to relocate our headquarters next year.我們打算明年搬遷總部。

用現在進行式與現在簡單式表達未來

現在進行式：已安排好的個人計畫（已約好、已訂票）：I am flying to Singapore on Monday.
現在簡單式：正式的時刻表、時程（火車、班機、電影院、會議、課程）：The conference begins on May 12.
be about to + V：即將（馬上就要）。be due to / be scheduled to / be set to + V：依計畫、依時程。

例句

Mr. Huang is meeting the investors at 3 P.M. tomorrow.Huang 先生明天下午 3 點要和投資人會面。
The train to Busan departs at 8:15 tonight.開往釜山的火車今晚 8 點 15 分出發。
The renovation is scheduled to finish by the end of June.整修工程預定在六月底前完工。

表示計畫與可能性的 be + to V 片語

多益的公告、新聞報導與電子郵件很常用 be + 形容詞/V3 + to V 片語代替 will，來談計畫、時程或發生的可能性。Be 依主詞變化；to 後面接原形動詞。

be due to + V（按時程將會）不同於 due to + N（由於、因為）：The flight was delayed due to fog.
be about to 表示非常近的未來，不與 next week 這類具體時間點連用。
過去式的 be supposed to 通常暗示事情沒有照預期發生。

片語	意思	例句
be scheduled to + V / for + N	預定、排定	The new line is scheduled to open in May.
be due to + V	按計畫將會、到期	The report is due to be released on Friday.
be set to + V	即將（依既定計畫）	Harlow Foods is set to acquire a rival chain.
be expected to + V	預計	Demand is expected to rise next quarter.
be likely / unlikely to + V	很可能／不太可能	The merger is unlikely to be approved this year.
be about to + V	即將（馬上）	The seminar is about to begin; please take your seats.
be to + V	將會（依正式決定，正式文體）	The president is to visit the plant next week.
be supposed to + V	本應、按規定應該	The parts were supposed to arrive yesterday.

例句

The board is set to announce its new chairperson at the annual meeting.董事會即將在年度會議上宣布新任董事長。
Construction of the parking garage is due to be completed in October.立體停車場的工程預計於十月完工。

未來進行式

S + will be + V-ing

未來某一時刻正在進行的動作：This time next week, I will be attending the trade fair.
作為計畫、行程中正常一環而將發生的事：Our staff will be contacting you shortly.
禮貌地詢問對方的安排：Will you be using the meeting room this afternoon?

例句

At 10 A.M. tomorrow, the director will be interviewing candidates.明天上午 10 點，總監將正在面試應徵者。

未來完成式

表示在未來某個時間點之前將已經完成的事。線索：by + 未來時間點、by then、by the time + 現在簡單式、before + 未來時間點，以及 in/within + 一段時間（從現在算起）。

S + will have + V3 (+ by + 未來時間點)By the time + S + V (現在簡單式), S + will have + V3S + will have been + V-ing (+ for + 一段時間) – 未來完成進行式

例句

By the end of this month, we will have shipped over 10,000 units.到這個月底，我們將已出貨超過 10,000 件。
By the time you receive this letter, the new policy will have taken effect.當你收到這封信時，新政策將已經生效。
Next April, Ms. Novak will have been working here for twenty years.到明年四月，Novak 小姐在這裡就將工作滿二十年了。

時間子句與條件子句：用現在式，不用 will

談未來時，以時間連接詞或條件連接詞開頭的子句用現在簡單式（或用現在完成式強調事情已完成）。只有主要子句才用 will、祈使句或情態動詞。

when / as soon as / once / before / after / until / by the time / while + S + V (現在式)if / unless / provided (that) / as long as / in case + S + V (現在式)主要子句: S + will/can/should + V 或祈使句

例外：當 will 表示願意、客氣時，可以用 if ... will（If you will follow me, I'll show you the room.）。作為名詞子句的 when 子句（在 know, ask, wonder 之後）仍然用 will：I don't know when the parts will arrive.

錯誤	正確
when the report will be ready	when the report is ready
as soon as we will receive payment	as soon as we receive payment
until the manager will approve it	until the manager approves it / has approved it
if the shipment will arrive late	if the shipment arrives late

例句

We will ship your order as soon as we receive your payment.我們一收到您的付款就會出貨。
Once the contract has been signed, the project will begin.合約一經簽署，專案就會開始。
Please wait in the lobby until your name is called.請在大廳等候，直到叫到您的名字。
If the weather is bad, the outdoor reception will be moved indoors.如果天氣不好，戶外酒會將改在室內舉行。

公告中的未來線索：effective、as of、starting、upcoming

除了 next week 或 tomorrow，公司公告還會用許多正式片語表示未來的時間點。看到這些片語時，主要子句通常用 will + V 或 will be + V3。

as of 也可以指現在或過去的時間點（As of today, 300 people have registered），所以仍要看整句的意思。
in two days（再過兩天）表示未來，不同於 in the past two days（過去兩天內，用現在完成式）。

片語	意思	例句
effective + 日期	自…起生效	Effective June 1, all visitors will be required to wear badges.
as of / as from + 日期	自…起	As of next Monday, the cafeteria will open at 7 A.M.
starting / beginning + 時間點	從…開始	Starting next month, invoices will be sent by e-mail.
in + 一段時間	（從現在起）再過…	The results will be posted in two days.
within + 一段時間	在接下來的…之內	You will receive a reply within 48 hours.
upcoming, forthcoming, coming	即將到來的（放在名詞前的形容詞）	Details of the upcoming conference will be announced soon.
shortly, soon, in the near future	即將、不久之後	A technician will contact you shortly.

例句

Effective immediately, all travel requests must be approved by a department head.即日起，所有出差申請都必須經部門主管核准。
Starting in January, employees will be able to book meeting rooms online.從一月開始，員工將可以在線上預約會議室。

過去中的未來：would、was going to、was about to

敘述一件在當時還屬於未來的事時，未來的形式要往過去推：will → would、am/is going to → was/were going to、is about to → was/were about to。

would + V：從過去看的預測或承諾：The manager said the parts would arrive on Monday.
was/were going to + V：過去的打算，常常沒有實現：We were going to renew the lease, but the rent went up.
was/were about to + V (when ...)：正要做某事時有別的事插進來：I was about to leave when the client called.

例句

Nobody expected that the new product would sell out in a week.沒有人料到新產品會在一週內賣完。
The director was about to sign the contract when the lawyer found an error.主管正要簽合約時，律師發現了一個錯誤。

多益解題技巧

最常考的規則：談未來時，在 when, as soon as, once, before, after, until, by the time, while 以及 if, unless, provided that, as long as 之後用現在簡單式（或現在完成式），不用 will。例如：Please call me as soon as the package ______ → 選 arrives，刪去 will arrive。
搭配的主要子句通常有未來的線索：will、祈使句（Please contact ...），或 next week, tomorrow, upcoming。看到未來時間點（next month, tomorrow, in the coming weeks）而選項中有 will V，幾乎可以確定就是答案。
By + 未來時間點（by next Friday, by the end of the year, by 2030）或 by the time + 現在簡單式 → will have + V3（未來完成式）。
記住常見片語：be scheduled to V、be set to V、be due to V、be expected to V、be about to V（即將）、be supposed to V。Part 6 的公告大量使用這些片語。

常見錯誤

錯誤: I will call you when I will arrive at the hotel.

正確: I will call you when I arrive at the hotel.

表示未來的時間子句用現在簡單式。

錯誤: By next March, we will finish the project.

正確: By next March, we will have finished the project.

By + 未來時間點強調在該時間點之前完成 → 未來完成式。

錯誤: The phone is ringing. – OK, I'm going to answer it.

正確: The phone is ringing. – OK, I'll answer it.

說話當下做的決定用 will。

錯誤: Unless the client will approve the design, we cannot proceed.

正確: Unless the client approves the design, we cannot proceed.

Unless 是條件連接詞，用現在簡單式。

練習題（附解答）

1.Don't worry about the broken printer; I ------- your handouts on the second floor before the meeting starts.
1. (A) will print
2. (B) printed
3. (C) had printed
4. (D) have printed
查看解答與解析
答案: (A) will print
安撫的話 Don't worry 加上子句 before the meeting starts（會議還沒開始）→ 將要做的事：will print。printed、had printed、have printed 都指已完成的事，與表示未來的時間副詞子句不符。
2.Ms. Garcia ------- the new branch in Hanoi next month; her flight is already booked.
1. (A) is visiting
2. (B) visited
3. (C) has visited
4. (D) had visited
查看解答與解析
答案: (A) is visiting
已安排好的計畫（機票已訂）加上 next month → 以現在進行式表達未來 is visiting。其餘選項是過去式／完成式，不與 next month 搭配。
3.The train to Osaka ------- at 7:45 A.M. tomorrow, according to the timetable.
1. (A) departed
2. (B) departs
3. (C) has departed
4. (D) had departed
查看解答與解析
答案: (B) departs
依時刻表的固定班次（according to the timetable）→ 以現在簡單式表達未來 departs。各個過去式／完成式都與 tomorrow 矛盾。
4.I will call you as soon as the shipment ------- at the warehouse.
1. (A) will arrive
2. (B) arrives
3. (C) arrived
4. (D) had arrived
查看解答與解析
答案: (B) arrives
談論未來的時間子句（as soon as）用現在簡單式 arrives，不用 will arrive。arrived/had arrived 與未來式的主要子句不一致。
5.Please do not leave the building until the inspector ------- the fire exits.
1. (A) will check
2. (B) checked
3. (C) had checked
4. (D) has checked
查看解答與解析
答案: (D) has checked
以 until 引導、談論未來的時間子句用現在式（簡單式或完成式）→ has checked；不用 will check。checked/had checked 是過去式，與祈使句不符。
6.If the client ------- not respond to our proposal by next Monday, we will follow up with a phone call.
1. (A) will
2. (B) did
3. (C) has
4. (D) does
查看解答與解析
答案: (D) does
表示未來（by next Monday，主要子句為 will follow up）的 If 子句用現在簡單式 → does not respond。if 後面不用 will；did 與 next Monday 矛盾；has not respond 形式錯誤（應為 responded）。
7.This time next week, our team ------- the new software at the client's headquarters.
1. (A) will be installing
2. (B) installs
3. (C) installed
4. (D) has installed
查看解答與解析
答案: (A) will be installing
This time next week → 未來進行式 will be installing（在未來某時刻正在進行）。installed 和 has installed 都指已發生的事。
8.By the end of this year, the company ------- more than 50 new stores.
1. (A) opens
2. (B) will have opened
3. (C) opened
4. (D) has opened
查看解答與解析
答案: (B) will have opened
By the end of this year（未來時間點）→ 未來完成式 will have opened。其他選項都無法表達在未來某時間點之前完成的事。
9.The new payroll system is scheduled ------- online on the first business day of March.
1. (A) going
2. (B) go
3. (C) to go
4. (D) gone
查看解答與解析
答案: (C) to go
be scheduled to + V → to go。going、go、gone 都不能放在 is scheduled 後面表示預定的事。
10.The flight to Lisbon is ------- to depart, so all passengers should proceed to Gate 14 immediately.
1. (A) close
2. (B) almost
3. (C) about
4. (D) nearly
查看解答與解析
答案: (C) about
句型 be about to + V（即將）→ is about to depart。close 搭配 to + V-ing/N（close to departing），而 almost、nearly 是副詞，無法構成 be ___ to V 的句型。

練習題

60 題 Part 5 題型，一次一題，每題作答後立即附上解析。

開始練習

常見問題

Will 和 be going to 有什麼不同？

will + V 用於說話當下做的決定、承諾、提議、依個人看法的預測，以及正式公告（The office will be closed on Monday）。be going to + V 用於事先已有的打算，以及根據眼前跡象的預測（We are going to hire two more designers）。在 Part 5 中，兩者很少同時出現在選項裡；通常只有一個未來形式在文法上正確。

when、if、as soon as 之後可以用 will 嗎？

談未來時，以 when, as soon as, once, before, after, until, by the time, if, unless 開頭的子句用現在簡單式或現在完成式，不用 will：We will ship your order as soon as we receive your payment。will 只放在主要子句。例外：當作受詞的 when 子句（I don't know when the parts will arrive）仍然用 will。

未來完成式什麼時候用？

未來完成式 will have + V3 表示某事將在未來某個時間點之前完成。線索是 by + 未來時間點（by next Friday, by the end of the year）、by then 和 by the time + 現在簡單式：By the end of this month, we will have shipped over 10,000 units。進行式 will have been + V-ing 則強調持續到那個時間點的時間長度。

未來進行式和未來簡單式有什麼不同？

未來簡單式 will + V 表示某件事將會發生。未來進行式 will be + V-ing 表示在未來某一刻正在進行的事（At 10 A.M. tomorrow, the director will be interviewing candidates），或依計畫自然會發生的事（Our staff will be contacting you shortly）。進行式也能讓詢問他人計畫的問句更有禮貌。

現在進行式和現在簡單式可以表達未來嗎？

可以。現在進行式用於已安排好的個人計畫（已約好、已訂票）：I am flying to Singapore on Monday。現在簡單式用於正式的時程表，例如火車、班機時刻或會議日程：The conference begins on May 12。因此公司關於固定時程的公告即使談的是未來，也常用現在簡單式。

"Be scheduled to" 和 "be supposed to" 有什麼不同？

be scheduled to + V 表示已排定要做某事，屬於客觀陳述：The inspection is scheduled to take place on Monday。be supposed to + V 表示本應、按規定或預期應該，用過去式時通常暗示事情沒有發生：The parts were supposed to arrive yesterday（但還沒到）。兩者後面都接原形動詞。