選 a 還是 an:看發音,不看字母
子音發音前用 a,母音發音前用 an。決定關鍵是冠詞後面那個字的發音,而不是書寫的字母。
- 冠詞後面接形容詞時,看形容詞的發音:
an expensive contract、a new office。
| a(子音發音) | an(母音發音) |
|---|---|
| a university, a European client(/j/ 音) | an hour, an honest answer(h 不發音) |
| a one-day seminar(/w/ 音) | an MBA, an HR manager(唸作 /em/、/eɪtʃ/) |
| a useful tool, a uniform | an urgent request, an update |
| a hotel, a historic building | an 8-hour shift(eight) |
a / an 的用法
- 第一次提到某人/某物,聽者還不知道具體是哪一個:
We received a complaint this morning. - 說明職業、身分:
She works as an accountant. - 指整個類別中的任何一個:
Every employee needs a password. - 表示頻率、價格、速度時的每一:
twice a week、$20 an hour、100 kilometers an hour。 - 固定結構:
such a...、what a...、quite a...、half an hour、a few、a little、a lot of。
- The company is looking for an experienced web designer.公司正在尋找一位有經驗的網頁設計師。
- The team meets twice a month to review progress.團隊每月開會兩次檢視進度。
the 的用法
- 已經提過的人/物,或聽者清楚知道是哪一個:
I sent you a quote. Did you receive the quote?/Please close the door. - 名詞被後面的介系詞片語或子句限定:
the results of the survey、the report that you requested。 - 獨一無二的事物:
the sun, the internet, the government, the economy。 - 最高級、序數以及
same, only, next, last之前(指特定事物時):the best offer、the first quarter、the only applicant、the same supplier。 The + 形容詞指某一群人:the elderly, the unemployed;the + 國籍:the Japanese。- 帶 the 的專有名詞:複數形或含
Republic/Kingdom/States的國名(the Philippines, the United States, the UK)、河流、海洋、山脈、飯店、戲院、博物館、報紙(the Hilton, the Times)。 - 一天中的時段與樂器:
in the morning、play the piano。
- We ordered a new printer last week, but the printer has not arrived yet.我們上週訂了一台新印表機,但那台印表機還沒送到。
- The proposal that Ms. Kim submitted was the most detailed one.金女士提交的提案是最詳盡的一份。
不用冠詞
- 泛指的複數名詞或不可數名詞:
Customers expect fast delivery./Training is provided for all new staff.比較:The customers who complained received a refund(特定的顧客)。 - 大多數人名、城市、單數國名、洲名、公司、街道:
Mr. Park, Tokyo, Vietnam, Asia, Main Street。 - 餐點、學科、語言:
have lunch, study accounting, speak Korean。 - 搭配 by 的交通/通訊方式:
by car, by train, by plane, by email, by phone(但on the train、in a taxi)。 - 某些場所指其主要功能時:
go to work, at work, at home, go to bed, in hospital(英式),at school, in prison。 - 以現在為基準的
next/last + 時間:next week, last year(但敘述過去時用the next day)。 appoint, elect, become等動詞之後的唯一職稱:She was appointed (the) director(the 可省略)。
- Information about parking is available on our website.停車相關資訊可在我們的網站上查詢。
- Most of our staff travel to work by train.我們大部分員工搭火車通勤。
含冠詞的固定片語
| 有 the | 有 a/an | 不用冠詞 |
|---|---|---|
| at the end of, at the beginning of | a number of, a variety of | on time, in time |
| in the meantime, on the other hand | a great deal of, a wide range of | in charge of, on behalf of |
| for the time being, by the way | as a result, as a rule | in advance, in person |
| the number of, the rest of | at a time, on a regular basis | at no cost, free of charge |
| in the future, in the past | in a hurry, have a look | ahead of schedule, on schedule |
用三個問題選出冠詞
在 a/an、the 和不加冠詞之間猶豫時,依序回答關於名詞的三個問題:可數還是不可數、單數還是複數、讀者是否已經知道指的是哪一個。下表涵蓋所有情況。
- 可數單數名詞絕不單獨出現:一定要有 a/an、the 或其他限定詞(
my, this, each, every)。 - 複數名詞和不可數名詞絕不搭配 a/an。
- 泛指某一類東西有三種說法:
Laptops are expensive.(最常用)、A laptop is a useful tool.(任一個代表整類)、The laptop has changed office work.(正式,把整類當成一個概念)。
| 名詞類型 | 非特定(泛指、第一次提到) | 特定(明確的那一個) |
|---|---|---|
| 可數單數 | a/an:a contract | the:the contract we signed |
| 可數複數 | 不加冠詞:Contracts must be signed. | the:the contracts on my desk |
| 不可數 | 不加冠詞:Training is provided. | the:the training you attended |
- Applicants must submit a résumé and two references.應徵者必須繳交一份履歷和兩封推薦信。
- The résumé you sent did not include your phone number.您寄來的履歷上沒有您的電話號碼。
冠詞與 all、both、half、such、so、too 的位置
冠詞通常放在名詞片語的最前面,但遇到某些字時,冠詞反而要放在後面。這些是常被放錯位置的詞序結構。
- 冠詞不和其他限定詞(
my, your, this, that, each, every, some, any, no)連用:不能說the my office或a this report。要表達「我的一位同事」,請用a colleague of mine。 all the staff和all staff都正確:指特定的一群人時加 the,泛指時不加 the。
| 結構 | 例句 |
|---|---|
| all / both / half + the + 名詞 | all the documents, both the offices, half the budget |
| such / what / quite + a/an +(形容詞)+ 名詞 | such a busy week, what a great idea, quite a long wait |
| so / too / as + 形容詞 + a/an + 名詞 | so large a budget, too short a time, as good an offer as |
| half / once / twice + a/an | half an hour, once a month, twice a week |
| the + 序數 / next / last + 數字 + 名詞 | the first three months, the next two weeks |
- It was such a productive meeting that we finished early.這場會議非常有效率,所以我們提早結束了。
- Half the budget was spent on marketing.一半的預算花在行銷上。
有 the 與沒有 the:意思不同
加上或拿掉一個冠詞,可能讓片語的意思完全改變。下面幾組常出現在多益閱讀中,有時也是 Part 5 的答案。
| 片語 | 意思 | 比較 |
|---|---|---|
| go to school, be in hospital | 上學、住院(用於該場所的本來功能) | go to the school, visit the hospital:因為其他事情到那棟建築 |
| in front of | 在某物的前方、外面 | in the front of:在內部的前段(in the front of the bus) |
| in the end | 最後、終究 | at the end of:在某段時間、某個活動的最後 |
| a number of | 許多(+ 複數動詞) | the number of:……的數字、數量(+ 單數動詞) |
| a few, a little | 一些、一點(夠用) | few, little:很少、幾乎沒有 |
| take place | 舉行、發生 | take the place of:取代 |
| on the whole | 整體而言 | the whole + 名詞:整個(the whole team) |
- The new software will take the place of the old billing system.新軟體將取代舊的計費系統。
- In the end, the client accepted our revised offer.最後,客戶接受了我們修改後的報價。
多益解題技巧
- Part 5 很少直接考 a/an/the,但冠詞是判斷詞性的線索:看到
a/an + ___而後面沒有名詞,答案就是單數可數名詞(通常是表示人的名詞,如an applicant, a representative)。 - 選項裡有
a/an時,後面的名詞必須是可數、單數;看到a + information/equipment/advice就直接判定錯誤。 - Part 6 會考已提過事物的 the:前段說
a new branch,下一句就會說the branch。回頭看前一句,確認名詞是否已經出現過。 - 記住固定片語:
on the other hand、in the meantime、at the end of、on behalf of、in charge of、at no cost、ahead of schedule、by train(不加冠詞)。
常見錯誤
錯誤: She has a MBA from a well-known university.
正確: She has an MBA from a well-known university.
MBA 唸作 /em-bi-ei/,以母音開頭,所以用 an。
錯誤: He is an honest and an hardworking employee.
正確: He is an honest and hardworking employee.
Hardworking 以 /h/ 音開頭,不用 an;這裡整個片語只需要一個冠詞。
錯誤: The customers always want the good service.
正確: Customers always want good service.
泛指顧客和服務時不用 the。
錯誤: We will send you an advice on the best route.
正確: We will send you some advice on the best route.
Advice 不可數,不能搭配 a/an。
錯誤: Please arrive at office before 9 a.m.
正確: Please arrive at the office before 9 a.m.
Office 是可數名詞,需要冠詞;只有 work、home 等少數字才省略冠詞。
練習題(附解答)
1.Applicants must have ------- MBA or equivalent professional experience.
- (A) an
- (B) a
- (C) the
- (D) many
查看解答與解析
答案: (A) an
MBA 讀作 /em-biː-eɪ/,以母音開頭,因此用
an。選a是依字母 M 判斷的陷阱;many需要複數名詞。2.Velmont Hotel is offering ------- one-night discount to guests who book directly through its website.
- (A) a
- (B) an
- (C) much
- (D) both
查看解答與解析
答案: (A) a
one 讀作 /wʌn/,以子音 /w/ 開頭,因此用
a one-night discount。an錯誤,因為字母是 o 但發音是 /w/;much、both不接可數單數名詞。3.Kemper Foods ordered a new labeling machine in May, but ------- machine has not been installed yet.
- (A) an
- (B) these
- (C) much
- (D) the
查看解答與解析
答案: (D) the
前半句已提到 a new labeling machine,後半句再次提到同一台機器,因此用
the machine。an發音不符;these需要複數名詞;much不接可數名詞。4.Haverford Logistics submitted ------- lowest bid, so it was awarded the regional shipping contract.
- (A) a
- (B) the
- (C) an
- (D) much
查看解答與解析
答案: (B) the
最高級(
lowest)前面用the。a、an不搭配最高級;much不能放在可數單數名詞前。5.Sorensen Shipping recently opened a regional distribution center in ------- Philippines to serve its Southeast Asian clients.
- (A) a
- (B) an
- (C) the
- (D) much
查看解答與解析
答案: (C) the
複數形的國名要加
the:the Philippines。a、an、much不能放在國名前。6.------- expect quick responses, so our support team answers every email within two hours.
- (A) Customers
- (B) A customer
- (C) Customer
- (D) The customer
查看解答與解析
答案: (A) Customers
泛指顧客時用不加冠詞的複數名詞:
Customers expect...。A customer、The customer是單數,與expect不一致;Customer缺少冠詞。7.Ms. Ferreira usually travels to the client's headquarters by -------.
- (A) the train
- (B) train
- (C) a train
- (D) trains
查看解答與解析
答案: (B) train
固定用法 by + 交通工具 不加冠詞:
by train、by car、by air。因此the train、a train、trains都不對。8.The planning session was ------- productive meeting that the managers immediately scheduled a follow-up.
- (A) so
- (B) such
- (C) such a
- (D) very
查看解答與解析
答案: (C) such a
在形容詞 + 單數可數名詞 +
that之前,用such a:such a productive meeting that...。so不能直接放在形容詞 + 名詞之前(so productive meeting錯誤);such在單數名詞前缺少 a;very會使單數名詞沒有冠詞。9.------- number of online orders has risen steadily since the company redesigned its website.
- (A) A
- (B) The
- (C) An
- (D) Much
查看解答與解析
答案: (B) The
單數動詞 has risen 表示主詞是*數字*:
The number of + 複數名詞 + 單數動詞。A number of需要複數動詞(have);An發音不符;Much結構錯誤。10.------- number of employees have signed up for the weekend volunteer program at the food bank.
- (A) The
- (B) An
- (C) Much
- (D) A
查看解答與解析
答案: (D) A
複數動詞 have signed up 表示意思是*許多員工*:
A number of + 複數名詞 + 複數動詞。The number of需要單數動詞(has);An發音不符;Much結構錯誤。
練習題
60 題 Part 5 題型,一次一題,每題作答後立即附上解析。
常見問題
什麼時候用 a,什麼時候用 an?
依後面那個字開頭的發音而不是字母來選。子音開頭用 a:a report, a university, a one-day trip。母音開頭用 an:an invoice, an hour, an MBA。所以字母 u 有時搭配 a(a useful tool,讀作 /juː/),有時搭配 an(an urgent request);h 不發音時則用 an(an honest answer)。
什麼時候用冠詞 the?
當聽者清楚知道你指的是哪一個時用 the:前面已經提過的東西、由後面的片語限定的東西(the report that you requested)、獨一無二的東西(the internet, the economy),以及最高級、序數、same, only, next, last 之前(the best offer, the first quarter)。在 Part 6 中,遇到前一句已出現過的名詞,幾乎一定用 the。
什麼時候不用冠詞?
用複數名詞或不可數名詞泛指時不用冠詞(Customers expect fast delivery),大多數人名、城市、國家、公司名稱之前,三餐、學科、語言、搭配 by 的交通工具之前(by train, by email),以及 next/last + 時間 之前(next week)也不用。有些場所在指其主要功能時也省略冠詞:at work, at home, go to bed。
不可數名詞可以搭配 the 嗎?
可以,只要這個名詞是特定的。Information is available online(泛指資訊,不加冠詞)不同於 The information you sent was very useful(你寄來的那份特定資訊,加 the)。不可數名詞唯一絕不搭配的是 a/an:an information, an advice, an equipment 都是錯的。
公司名稱前要加冠詞嗎?
大多數公司名稱不加冠詞:Samsung, Google, Vietcombank, Mr. Park works for Delta Logistics。由普通名詞 + of 構成的機構名稱通常加 the:the Bank of England, the University of Tokyo。飯店、劇院、博物館和報紙的名稱加 the:the Hilton, the Louvre, the Times。公司名稱像形容詞一樣放在另一個名詞前時,冠詞跟著那個名詞:the Delta Logistics warehouse。
多益常考冠詞嗎?
Part 5 很少直接考 a/an/the,但冠詞是解其他題目的線索:a/an 之後一定是可數單數名詞(可用來刪掉不可數名詞、複數名詞),the 之後如果沒有名詞,空格就是名詞。Part 6 會考前一句已提過的名詞要加 the,Part 7 則要求理解 in the meantime, on behalf of, ahead of schedule 等固定片語。